Ensure pages/500 handles cache-control as expected (#72050)

[ijjk]

When pages/500 uses getStaticProps we can honor statically generating the page but we can't send a Cache-Control with stale-while-revalidate as we shouldn't be caching errored pages ever. This ensures we handle that case and add a regression test for it.

[ijjk]

Stats from current PR

Default Build

General Overall increase ⚠️

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
buildDuration	16.3s	14.7s	N/A
buildDurationCached	8.4s	6.3s	N/A
nodeModulesSize	200 MB	200 MB	⚠️ +640 B
nextStartRea..uration (ms)	402ms	405ms	N/A

Client Bundles (main, webpack)

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
1a9f679d-HASH.js gzip	53.7 kB	53.7 kB	N/A
5428.HASH.js gzip	181 B	180 B	N/A
6067-HASH.js gzip	5.06 kB	5.06 kB	N/A
6428-HASH.js gzip	31.6 kB	31.6 kB	N/A
framework-HASH.js gzip	44.9 kB	44.9 kB	✓
main-app-HASH.js gzip	242 B	245 B	N/A
main-HASH.js gzip	32.3 kB	32.3 kB	N/A
webpack-HASH.js gzip	1.68 kB	1.68 kB	N/A
Overall change	44.9 kB	44.9 kB	✓

Legacy Client Bundles (polyfills)

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
polyfills-HASH.js gzip	39.4 kB	39.4 kB	✓
Overall change	39.4 kB	39.4 kB	✓

Client Pages

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
_app-HASH.js gzip	196 B	196 B	✓
_error-HASH.js gzip	184 B	185 B	N/A
amp-HASH.js gzip	502 B	504 B	N/A
css-HASH.js gzip	321 B	324 B	N/A
dynamic-HASH.js gzip	1.82 kB	1.82 kB	N/A
edge-ssr-HASH.js gzip	258 B	257 B	N/A
head-HASH.js gzip	352 B	352 B	✓
hooks-HASH.js gzip	371 B	372 B	N/A
image-HASH.js gzip	4.23 kB	4.23 kB	N/A
index-HASH.js gzip	259 B	257 B	N/A
link-HASH.js gzip	2.67 kB	2.68 kB	N/A
routerDirect..HASH.js gzip	316 B	314 B	N/A
script-HASH.js gzip	385 B	386 B	N/A
withRouter-HASH.js gzip	311 B	310 B	N/A
1afbb74e6ecf..834.css gzip	106 B	106 B	✓
Overall change	654 B	654 B	✓

Client Build Manifests

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
_buildManifest.js gzip	483 B	481 B	N/A
Overall change	0 B	0 B	✓

Rendered Page Sizes

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
index.html gzip	529 B	527 B	N/A
link.html gzip	542 B	539 B	N/A
withRouter.html gzip	525 B	522 B	N/A
Overall change	0 B	0 B	✓

Edge SSR bundle Size

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
edge-ssr.js gzip	95.5 kB	95.5 kB	N/A
page.js gzip	3.06 kB	3.06 kB	N/A
Overall change	0 B	0 B	✓

Middleware size

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
middleware-b..fest.js gzip	656 B	659 B	N/A
middleware-r..fest.js gzip	156 B	154 B	N/A
middleware.js gzip	25.5 kB	25.5 kB	N/A
edge-runtime..pack.js gzip	839 B	839 B	✓
Overall change	839 B	839 B	✓

Next Runtimes

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
app-page-exp...dev.js gzip	171 kB	171 kB	✓
app-page-exp..prod.js gzip	98.3 kB	98.3 kB	✓
app-page-tur..prod.js gzip	100 kB	100 kB	✓
app-page-tur..prod.js gzip	94.3 kB	94.3 kB	✓
app-page.run...dev.js gzip	145 kB	145 kB	✓
app-page.run..prod.js gzip	92.8 kB	92.8 kB	✓
app-route-ex...dev.js gzip	22.1 kB	22.1 kB	✓
app-route-ex..prod.js gzip	15.5 kB	15.5 kB	✓
app-route-tu..prod.js gzip	15.5 kB	15.5 kB	✓
app-route-tu..prod.js gzip	15.2 kB	15.2 kB	✓
app-route.ru...dev.js gzip	21.7 kB	21.7 kB	✓
app-route.ru..prod.js gzip	15.2 kB	15.2 kB	✓
pages-api-tu..prod.js gzip	9.58 kB	9.58 kB	✓
pages-api.ru...dev.js gzip	9.85 kB	9.85 kB	✓
pages-api.ru..prod.js gzip	9.57 kB	9.57 kB	✓
pages-turbo...prod.js gzip	22.5 kB	22.5 kB	✓
pages.runtim...dev.js gzip	23.2 kB	23.2 kB	✓
pages.runtim..prod.js gzip	22.5 kB	22.5 kB	✓
server.runti..prod.js gzip	51.6 kB	51.6 kB	N/A
Overall change	904 kB	904 kB	✓

build cache

	vercel/next.js 14-2-1	vercel/next.js ijjk/backport-500-cache-fix	Change
0.pack gzip	1.61 MB	1.6 MB	N/A
index.pack gzip	113 kB	113 kB	N/A
Overall change	0 B	0 B	✓

Diff details

Diff for middleware.js

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Diff for edge-ssr.js

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Diff for server.runtime.prod.js

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Commit: f80d32e