Make column resolution closer to MySQL

[systay]

Description

This PR updates our column resolution logic to make it closer to what MySQL does. We want to allow this type of query:

select u.foo, ue.foo as bar 
from user u, user_extra ue 
order by foo

MySQL correctly understands that foo here is pointing to u.foo and nothing else, but Vitess would not always make this connection. As part of this change, we also check for ambiguous columns and will fail some queries that MySQL also fails, but would be accepted by earlier releases of Vitess.

Backports of this PR should not fail ambiguous columns - we don't want to start failing queries in a patch release.

Related Issue(s)

Fixes #14067

Checklist

• "Backport to:" labels have been added if this change should be back-ported
• Tests were added or are not required
• Did the new or modified tests pass consistently locally and on the CI
• Documentation was added or is not required

[vitess-bot]

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[dbussink]

Nice little fix!