🧑‍🔬 M3SciQA

🤗Data

This repositary contains codes to evaluate models on M3SciQA from the paper M3SciQA: A Multi-Modal Multi-Document Scientific Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models

👋 Introduction

In the realm of foundation models for scientific research, current benchmarks predominantly focus on single-document, text-only tasks and fail to adequately represent the complex workflow of such research. These benchmarks lack the $\textit{multi-modal}$, $\textit{multi-document}$ nature of scientific research, where comprehension also arises from interpreting non-textual data, such as figures and tables, and gathering information across multiple documents. To address this issue, we introduce M3SciQA, a Multi-Modal, Multi-document Scientific Question Answering benchmark designed for a more comprehensive evaluation of foundation models. M3SciQA consists of 1,452 expert-annotated questions spanning 70 natural language processing (NLP) papers clusters, where each cluster represents a primary paper along with all its cited documents, mirroring the workflow of comprehending a single paper by requiring multi-modal and multi-document data. With M3SciQA, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 18 prominent foundation models. Our results indicate that current foundation models still significantly underperform compared to human experts in multi-modal information retrieval and in reasoning across multiple scientific documents. Additionally, we explore the implications of these findings for the development of future foundation models.

Setup

git clone https://github.com/yale-nlp/M3SciQA
cd M3SciQA

Tour for the code base

.
├── data/
│   ├── locality.jsonl
│   ├── combined_test.jsonl
│   ├── combined_val.jsonl
│   ├── locality/
|   |   ├── 2310.04988
|   |       └── HVI_figure.png
|   |   ├── 2310.05030
|   |       └── diversity_score.png
|   |   ...
├── src/
│   ├── data_utils.py
│   ├── evaluate_detail.py
│   ├── evaluate_locality.py
│   ├── generate_detail.py
│   ├── generate_locality.py
│   ├── models_w_vision.py
│   ├── models_wo_vision.py
│   ├── README.md
├── results/
│   ├── locality_response/
│   ├── retrieval@1/
│   ├── retrieval@2/
│   ├── retrieval@3/
│   ├── retrieval@4/
│   ├── retrieval@5/
├── paper_cluster_S2_content.json
├── paper_cluster_S2.json
├── paper_full_content.json
├── retrieval_paper.json
├── README.md
└── .gitignore

• data folder contains locality-specific questions, combined question validation, and combined question test. Answers, explanations, and evidence for the test split are set to null to prevent testing data from leaking to the public.
• data/locality/ folder contains all images used to compose locality-specific questions.
• results/ contains evaluation results under different settings.
• src/generate_locality.py: script for generating responses for locality-specific questions.
• src/evaluate_locality.py: script for evaluating responses for locality-specific questions.
• src/generate_detail.py: script for generating responses for detail-specific questions.
• src/evaluate_detail.py: script for evaluating responses for detail-specific questions.
• For locality reasoning types, we use the mapping:

{
    "1": Comparison
    "2": Data Extraction 
    "3": Location
    "4": Visual Understanding
}

Locality-Specific Question Evaluation

Output Format

{
    "question_anchor": ... <str>, 
    "reference_arxiv_id": ... <str>, 
    "reference_s2_id": ... <str>, 
    "response": ... <str>
}

• response field contains model's output ranking.

For example,

{"question_anchor": "Which large language model achieves a lower HVI score than OPT but a higher HVI score than Alpaca?", 

"reference_arxiv_id": "2303.08774", 

"reference_s2_id": "163b4d6a79a5b19af88b8585456363340d9efd04", 

"response": "```json\n{\"ranking\":             
        [\"1827dd28ef866eaeb929ddf4bcfa492880aba4c7\", \"57e849d0de13ed5f91d086936296721d4ff75a75\", \"2b2591c151efc43e8836a5a6d17e44c04bb68260\", \"62b322b0bead56d6a252a2e24de499ea8385ad7f\", \"964bd39b546f0f6625ff3b9ef1083f797807ef2e\", \"597d9134ffc53d9c3ba58368d12a3e4d24893bf0\"
        ]}```"}

Locality-Specific Question Response Generation

For example, to evaluate GPT-4o, run the following command:

cd src 
python generate_locality.py 
    --model gpt_4_o

For open-source models, we provide the code for Qwen2 VL 7B. You can modify this function to be suitable for other models. To run it, you need go to the root folder and create a folder named pretrained. If you are in the src/ folder:

cd ..
mkdir pretrained && cd src
python generate_locality.py --model qwen2vl_7b

Locality-Specific Question Response Evaluation

Similarly, to calculate the MRR, NDCG@3, and Recall@3 of GPT-4o, run the following command:

python evaluate_locality.py  
    --result_path ../results/locality_response/gpt_4_o.jsonl 
    --k 3

Detail-Specific Question Evaluation

Output Format

{
    "question": ... <str>, 
    "answer": ... <str>, 
    "response": ... <str>, 
    "reference_reasoning_type": ... <str>
}

Detail-Specific Question Response Generation

Parameters:

• model: model that you want to evaluate
• k: number of papers that you want to retrieve from the re-ranked paper list
• chunk_length: chunk length that you want to pass into the model for models with short context length

For evaluating open-source models, we offer two methods: (1) using TogetherAI API and (2) caccessing models directly from Hugging Face. Currently, local execution is supported only for Qwen2vl 7B, but you can easily modify the function to work with any other LLMs available on Hugging Face.

For example, to use GPT-4 with $k=3$ and $chunk_length = 15000$ for generating responses, run the following command:

cd src
python generate_detail.py 
    --model gpt_4 
    --k 3 
    --chunk_length 15000

Detail-Specific Question Evaluation:

To evaluate GPT-4's generated response, run the following command:

python evaluate_detail.py 
    --result_path ../results/retrieval@3/gpt_4.jsonl