Add methods to index identityUnitRange/Slice with another IdentityUni…

…tRange (#41224)

Adding these methods lets `OffsetArrays` define
`getindex(::AbstractUnitRange, ::IdentityUnitRange)` without
ambiguities. This is in the domain of sanctioned type-piracy, as the
result is an offset range in general and cannot be represented correctly
using `Base` types.

Re: JuliaArrays/OffsetArrays.jl#244

cc: @johnnychen94 

Edit: this also fixes an indexing bug in `IdentityUntiRange`:
master
```julia
julia> r = Base.IdentityUnitRange(-3:3)
Base.IdentityUnitRange(-3:3)

julia> r[2]
2

julia> r[big(2)]
-2
```

Co-authored-by: jishnub <jishnub@users.noreply.github.com>

base/indices.jl

@@ -423,15 +423,57 @@ first(S::IdentityUnitRange) = first(S.indices)
 last(S::IdentityUnitRange) = last(S.indices)
 size(S::IdentityUnitRange) = (length(S.indices),)
 length(S::IdentityUnitRange) = length(S.indices)
-getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::Int) = (@inline; @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i); i)
-getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}) = (@inline; @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i); i)
-getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::StepRange{<:Integer}) = (@inline; @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i); i)
+unsafe_length(S::IdentityUnitRange) = unsafe_length(S.indices)
+getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::Integer) = (@inline; @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i); convert(eltype(S), i))
+getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::Bool) = throw(ArgumentError("invalid index: $i of type Bool"))
+function getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    return convert(AbstractUnitRange{eltype(S)}, i)
+end
+function getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::AbstractUnitRange{Bool})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    range(first(i) ? first(S) : last(S), length = last(i))
+end
+function getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::StepRange{<:Integer})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    return convert(AbstractRange{eltype(S)}, i)
+end
+function getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange, i::StepRange{Bool})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    range(first(i) ? first(S) : last(S), length = last(i), step = Int(step(i)))
+end
+# Indexing with offset ranges should preserve the axes of the indices
+# however, this is only really possible in general with OffsetArrays.
+# In some cases, though, we may obtain correct results using Base ranges
+# the following methods are added to allow OffsetArrays to dispatch on the first argument without ambiguities
+function getindex(S::IdentityUnitRange{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}},
+                    i::IdentityUnitRange{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    return i
+end
+function getindex(S::Slice{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}},
+                    i::IdentityUnitRange{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, i)
+    return i
+end
 show(io::IO, r::IdentityUnitRange) = print(io, "Base.IdentityUnitRange(", r.indices, ")")
 iterate(S::IdentityUnitRange, s...) = iterate(S.indices, s...)
 
 # For OneTo, the values and indices of the values are identical, so this may be defined in Base.
 # In general such an indexing operation would produce offset ranges
-getindex(S::OneTo, I::IdentityUnitRange{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}}) = (@inline; @boundscheck checkbounds(S, I); I)
+# This should also ideally return an AbstractUnitRange{eltype(S)}, but currently
+# we're restricted to eltype(::IdentityUnitRange) == Int by definition
+function getindex(S::OneTo, I::IdentityUnitRange{<:AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer}})
+    @inline
+    @boundscheck checkbounds(S, I)
+    return I
+end
 
 """
     LinearIndices(A::AbstractArray)

test/ranges.jl

@@ -2376,13 +2376,46 @@ end
     @test 0.2 * (-2:2:2) == [-0.4, 0, 0.4]
 end
 
-@testset "Indexing OneTo with IdentityUnitRange" begin
-    for endpt in Any[10, big(10), UInt(10)]
-        r = Base.OneTo(endpt)
-        inds = Base.IdentityUnitRange(3:5)
-        rs = r[inds]
-        @test rs === inds
-        @test_throws BoundsError r[Base.IdentityUnitRange(-1:100)]
+@testset "IdentityUnitRange indexing" begin
+    @testset "Indexing into an IdentityUnitRange" begin
+        @testset for r in Any[-1:20, Base.OneTo(20)]
+            ri = Base.IdentityUnitRange(r)
+            @test_throws "invalid index" ri[true]
+            @testset for s in Any[Base.OneTo(6), Base.OneTo{BigInt}(6), 3:6, big(3):big(6), 3:2:7]
+                @test mapreduce(==, &, ri[s], ri[s[begin]]:step(s):ri[s[end]])
+                @test axes(ri[s]) == axes(s)
+                @test eltype(ri[s]) == eltype(ri)
+            end
+        end
+        @testset "Bool indices" begin
+            r = 1:1
+            @test Base.IdentityUnitRange(r)[true:true] == r[true:true]
+            @test Base.IdentityUnitRange(r)[true:true:true] == r[true:true:true]
+            @test_throws BoundsError Base.IdentityUnitRange(1:2)[true:true]
+            @test_throws BoundsError Base.IdentityUnitRange(1:2)[true:true:true]
+        end
+    end
+    @testset "Indexing with IdentityUnitRange" begin
+        @testset "OneTo" begin
+            @testset for endpt in Any[10, big(12), UInt(11)]
+                r = Base.OneTo(endpt)
+                inds = Base.IdentityUnitRange(3:5)
+                rs = r[inds]
+                @test rs == inds
+                @test axes(rs) == axes(inds)
+                @test_throws BoundsError r[Base.IdentityUnitRange(-1:100)]
+            end
+        end
+        @testset "IdentityUnitRange" begin
+            @testset for r in Any[Base.IdentityUnitRange(1:4), Base.IdentityUnitRange(Base.OneTo(4)), Base.Slice(1:4), Base.Slice(Base.OneTo(4))]
+                @testset for s in Any[Base.IdentityUnitRange(3:3), Base.IdentityUnitRange(Base.OneTo(2)), Base.Slice(3:3), Base.Slice(Base.OneTo(2))]
+                    rs = r[s]
+                    @test rs == s
+                    @test axes(rs) == axes(s)
+                end
+                @test_throws BoundsError r[Base.IdentityUnitRange(first(r):last(r) + 1)]
+            end
+        end
     end
 end