Merge pull request #150 from PyPSA/refineries

Make unravelling of oil bus consistent with new refineries
PyPSA · Aug 6, 2024 · 8435176 · 8435176
2 parents f9096c2 + 048c46d
commit 8435176
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diff --git a/config/config.yaml b/config/config.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#run
 run:
-  prefix: 20240801offwindconnectioncosts
+
+  prefix: 240806oilrefineries
+
   name:
   # - CurrentPolicies
   - KN2045_Bal_v4
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ run:
     enable: true
     manual_file: config/scenarios.manual.yaml
     file: config/scenarios.automated.yaml
-  shared_resources: 
+  shared_resources:
     policy: base #stops recalculating
     exclude:
       - existing_heating.csv # specify files which should not be shared between scenarios
@@ -148,20 +150,20 @@ clustering:
     'SE': 0.0454
 # # high spatial resolution: change clusters to 44
 #   focus_weights:
-#   # 44 nodes: 30 for Germany, 2 each for Denmark and UK, 1 per each of other 10 "Stromnachbarn" (high spatial)  
-#     'DE': 0.6818 # 30/44 
-#     'AT': 0.0227 #  1/44 
-#     'BE': 0.0227 
-#     'CH': 0.0227 
-#     'CZ': 0.0227 
-#     'DK': 0.0455 # 2/44 
-#     'FR': 0.0227 
-#     'GB': 0.0455 
-#     'LU': 0.0227 
-#     'NL': 0.0227 
-#     'NO': 0.0227 
-#     'PL': 0.0227 
-#     'SE': 0.0227 
+#   # 44 nodes: 30 for Germany, 2 each for Denmark and UK, 1 per each of other 10 "Stromnachbarn" (high spatial)
+#     'DE': 0.6818 # 30/44
+#     'AT': 0.0227 #  1/44
+#     'BE': 0.0227
+#     'CH': 0.0227
+#     'CZ': 0.0227
+#     'DK': 0.0455 # 2/44
+#     'FR': 0.0227
+#     'GB': 0.0455
+#     'LU': 0.0227
+#     'NL': 0.0227
+#     'NO': 0.0227
+#     'PL': 0.0227
+#     'SE': 0.0227
   temporal:
     resolution_sector: 365H
 
@@ -213,17 +215,17 @@ limits_capacity_min:
       offwind:
         DE:
           2030: 30 # Wind-auf-See Law
-          2035: 30 
+          2035: 30
           2040: 30
-          2045: 30 
+          2045: 30
       solar:
         DE:
-          # EEG2023; Ziel for 2024: 88 GW and for 2026: 128 GW, 
+          # EEG2023; Ziel for 2024: 88 GW and for 2026: 128 GW,
           # assuming at least 1/3 of difference reached in 2025
-          2025: 101 
-          2030: 101 
+          2025: 101
+          2030: 101
           2035: 101
-          2040: 101 
+          2040: 101
           2045: 101
 
 
@@ -244,9 +246,9 @@ limits_capacity_min:
 #           2045: 70 #70 Wind-auf-See Law
 #       solar:
 #         DE:
-#           # EEG2023; Ziel for 2024: 88 GW and for 2026: 128 GW, 
+#           # EEG2023; Ziel for 2024: 88 GW and for 2026: 128 GW,
 #           # assuming at least 1/3 of difference reached in 2025
-#           2025: 101 
+#           2025: 101
 #           2030: 215 # PV strategy
 #           2035: 309
 #           2040: 400 # PV strategy
@@ -484,11 +486,10 @@ pypsa_eur:
 
 
 co2_price_add_on_fossils:
-  2020: 25 
+  2020: 25
   2025: 60
-  
+
 must_run_biomass:
   enable: true
-  p_min_pu: 0.7 
+  p_min_pu: 0.7
   regions: ['DE']
-
diff --git a/workflow/scripts/export_ariadne_variables.py b/workflow/scripts/export_ariadne_variables.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def _get_oil_fossil_fraction(n, region):
         total_oil_supply =  n.statistics.supply(
             bus_carrier="oil", **kwargs
         ).groupby("name").sum().reindex([
-            "DE oil",
+            "DE oil refining",
             "DE renewable oil -> DE oil",
             "EU renewable oil -> DE oil",
         ]).dropna() # If links are not used they are dropped here
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def _get_oil_fossil_fraction(n, region):
         total_oil_supply =  n.statistics.supply(
             bus_carrier="oil", **kwargs
         ).groupby("name").sum().reindex([
-            "EU oil",
+            "EU oil refining",
             "DE renewable oil -> EU oil",
             "EU renewable oil -> EU oil",
         ]).dropna()
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ def get_primary_energy(n, region):
     var = pd.Series()
 
     oil_fossil_fraction = _get_oil_fossil_fraction(n, region)
-
+    primary_oil_factor = n.links.query("carrier=='oil refining'").efficiency.unique().item()
     oil_usage = n.statistics.withdrawal(
         bus_carrier="oil", 
         **kwargs
@@ -850,14 +850,20 @@ def get_primary_energy(n, region):
     ## Primary Energy
 
     var["Primary Energy|Oil|Heat"] = \
-        oil_usage.filter(like="urban central oil boiler").sum() + oil_CHP_H_usage 
+        (oil_usage.filter(like="urban central oil boiler").sum() + oil_CHP_H_usage) * primary_oil_factor 
 
 
     var["Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity"] = \
-        oil_usage.get("oil", 0) + oil_CHP_E_usage 
+        (oil_usage.get("oil", 0) + oil_CHP_E_usage) * primary_oil_factor    
 
-    var["Primary Energy|Oil"] = oil_usage.sum()
+    var["Primary Energy|Oil"] = oil_usage.sum() * primary_oil_factor
 
+    # At the moment, everyting that is not electricity or heat is counted as liquid fuel
+    var["Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids"] = (
+        var["Primary Energy|Oil"]
+        - var["Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity"]
+        - var["Primary Energy|Oil|Heat"]
+    )
 
     gas_fractions = _get_gas_fractions(n)
 
@@ -1285,7 +1291,7 @@ def get_secondary_energy(n, region, _industry_demand):
         hydrogen_production.get('H2 Electrolysis', 0)
 
     var["Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas"] = \
-        hydrogen_production.get(["SMR","SMR CC"]).sum()
+        hydrogen_production.reindex(["SMR","SMR CC"]).sum()
 
     var["Secondary Energy|Hydrogen"] = (
         var["Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity"] 
@@ -1317,7 +1323,10 @@ def get_secondary_energy(n, region, _industry_demand):
             "kerosene for aviation",
             "land transport oil",
             "naphtha for industry",
-            "shipping oil"
+            "shipping oil",
+            # TODO is decentral heating oil considered a fuel?
+            "rural oil boiler",
+            "urban decentral oil boiler"
         ]
     )
 
@@ -1496,7 +1505,6 @@ def get_final_energy(n, region, _industry_demand, _energy_totals, _sector_ratios
         var[f"Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|{gas_type}"] = \
             var["Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases"] * gas_fractions[gas_type]
 
-    oil_fossil_fraction = _get_oil_fossil_fraction(n, region)
     var["Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids"] = non_energy.naphtha
 
     var["Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum"] = non_energy.naphtha * oil_fossil_fraction
@@ -1726,7 +1734,6 @@ def get_final_energy(n, region, _industry_demand, _energy_totals, _sector_ratios
 
     # var["Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen"] = \
     # ! Not implemented
-    oil_fossil_fraction = _get_oil_fossil_fraction(n, region)
     oil_usage = n.statistics.withdrawal(
         bus_carrier="oil", **kwargs
     ).filter(like=region).groupby(
@@ -2340,15 +2347,17 @@ def get_emissions(n, region, _energy_totals):
             "waste CHP CC",
         ]).sum()
 
-    # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids and Gases"] = \
-        # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids"]
+    var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids and Gases"] = \
+        var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids"] = \
+        co2_emissions.get("oil refining", 0)
+
         # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases"] + \
 
     var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply"] = \
         var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases"] + \
         var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen"] + \
-        var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat"] # + \
-        # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids"]
+        var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat"] + \
+        var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids"]
 
     # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Other Sector"] = \   
     # var["Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids"] = \ 

diff --git a/workflow/scripts/modify_prenetwork.py b/workflow/scripts/modify_prenetwork.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def first_technology_occurrence(n):
             if int(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons) < first_year:
                 logger.info(f"{carrier} not extendable before {first_year}.")
                 n.df(c).loc[n.df(c).carrier == carrier, "p_nom_extendable"] = False
-  
+
 
 def fix_new_boiler_profiles(n):
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def coal_generation_ban(n):
             logger.info(f"Dropping {links}")
             n.links.drop(links,
                          inplace=True)
-            
+
 def nuclear_generation_ban(n):
 
     year = int(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def nuclear_generation_ban(n):
             links = n.links.index[(n.links.index.str[:2] == ct) & n.links.carrier.isin(["nuclear"])]
             logger.info(f"Dropping {links}")
             n.links.drop(links,
-                         inplace=True)            
+                         inplace=True)
 
 
 def add_reversed_pipes(df):
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def reduce_capacity(targets, origins, carrier, origin_attr="removed_gas_cap", ta
 
     def apply_cut(row):
         match = targets[
-            (targets.bus0 == row.bus0 + " " + carrier) & 
+            (targets.bus0 == row.bus0 + " " + carrier) &
             (targets.bus1 == row.bus1 + " " + carrier)
         ].sort_index()
         cut = row[origin_attr] * conversion_rate
@@ -249,33 +249,48 @@ def unravel_oilbus(n):
     # add buses
     n.add("Bus", "DE", location="DE", x=10.5, y=51.2, carrier="none")
     n.add("Bus", "DE oil", location="DE", x=10.5, y=51.2, carrier="oil")
+    n.add("Bus", "DE oil primary", location="DE", x=10.5, y=51.2, carrier="oil primary")
     n.add("Bus", "DE renewable oil", location="DE", x=10.5, y=51.2, carrier="renewable oil")
     n.add(
-        "Bus", 
-        "EU renewable oil", 
+        "Bus",
+        "EU renewable oil",
         location="EU",
         x=n.buses.loc["EU","x"],
         y=n.buses.loc["EU","y"],
         carrier="renewable oil"
     )
 
-    # add one generator for DE oil
+    # add one generator for DE oil primary
     n.add("Generator",
-          name="DE oil",
-          bus="DE oil",
-          carrier="oil",
+          name="DE oil primary",
+          bus="DE oil primary",
+          carrier="oil primary",
           p_nom_extendable=True,
-          marginal_cost=n.generators.loc["EU oil"].marginal_cost,
+          marginal_cost=n.generators.loc["EU oil primary"].marginal_cost,
           )
-
+
+    # add link for DE oil refining
+    n.add(
+        "Link",
+        "DE oil refining",
+        bus0="DE oil primary",
+        bus1="DE oil",
+        bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+        location="DE",
+        carrier="oil refining",
+        p_nom=1e6,
+        efficiency=1 - (snakemake.config["industry"]["fuel_refining"]["oil"]["emissions"] / costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"]),
+        efficiency2=snakemake.config["industry"]["fuel_refining"]["oil"]["emissions"],
+    )
+
     # change links from EU oil to DE oil
     german_oil_links = n.links[(n.links.bus0=="EU oil") & (n.links.index.str.contains("DE"))].index
-    german_FT_links = n.links[(n.links.bus1=="EU oil") & (n.links.index.str.contains("DE"))].index
+    german_FT_links = n.links[(n.links.bus1=="EU oil") & (n.links.index.str.contains("DE")) & (n.links.index.str.contains("Fischer-Tropsch"))].index
     n.links.loc[german_oil_links, "bus0"] = "DE oil"
     n.links.loc[german_FT_links, "bus1"] = "DE renewable oil"
 
     # change FT links in rest of Europe
-    europ_FT_links = n.links[n.links.bus1=="EU oil"].index
+    europ_FT_links = n.links[(n.links.bus1=="EU oil")  & (n.links.index.str.contains("Fischer-Tropsch"))].index
     n.links.loc[europ_FT_links, "bus1"] = "EU renewable oil"
 
     # add links between oil buses
@@ -298,19 +313,19 @@ def unravel_oilbus(n):
           e_cyclic=True,
           capital_cost=0.02,
           )
-    
+
     # unravel meoh
     logger.info("Unraveling methanol bus")
     # add bus
     n.add(
-        "Bus", 
-        "DE methanol", 
+        "Bus",
+        "DE methanol",
         location="DE",
         x=n.buses.loc["DE","x"],
         y=n.buses.loc["DE","y"],
         carrier="methanol"
     )
-    
+
     # change links from EU meoh to DE meoh
     DE_meoh_out = n.links[(n.links.bus0=="EU methanol") & (n.links.index.str[:2]=="DE")].index
     n.links.loc[DE_meoh_out, "bus0"] = "DE methanol"
@@ -495,7 +510,7 @@ def aladin_mobility_demand(n):
     remove_old_boiler_profiles(n)
 
     coal_generation_ban(n)
-    
+
     nuclear_generation_ban(n)
 
     first_technology_occurrence(n)

diff --git a/workflow/submodules/pypsa-eur b/workflow/submodules/pypsa-eur
+5 −0		config/config.default.yaml
+1 −0		doc/configtables/industry.csv
+33 −33		scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
+9 −10		scripts/simplify_network.py