Port tests in timestamp.rs to sqllogictest #22121

Job	Run time
cargo test (win64)	47m 48s
cargo check	7m 18s
build with wasm-pack	2m 31s
Check cargo fmt	37s
cargo test (macos)	31m 57s
Verify MSRV	6m 46s
Verify Vendored Code	54s
cargo examples (amd64)	9m 37s
cargo test doc (amd64)	11m 46s
clippy	4m 51s
check Cargo.toml formatting	1m 18s
check configs.md is up-to-date	2m 27s
cargo test hash collisions (amd64)	10m 29s
cargo doc	3m 38s
cargo test (amd64)	11m 18s
cargo test datafusion-cli (amd64)	3m 21s
Run sqllogictest with Postgres runner	2m 59s
cargo test pyarrow (amd64)	2m 21s
verify benchmark results (amd64)	9m 18s
	2h 51m 14s

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