[FLINK-33302] Allow to customize jdk version for connectors

[snuyanzin]

The PR allows to customize jdk versions
At the same time it still keeps 8 and 1 as default fullback option

An example of connector with this
https://github.com/snuyanzin/flink-connector-opensearch/actions/runs/6560306886/job/17817647898
where 1.16.x, 1.17.x are running with 8 and 11 and 1.18.x with 8, 11, 17

the failure of the connector is related to connector's code which still doesn't support jdk17

[MartijnVisser]

@snuyanzin Can you add a test so that it also tests a run with Java 17?

[snuyanzin]

@MartijnVisser thanks for the feedback
from one side i've added a test
from the other i turned off dependency_convergence for that test. The reason is that it seems there is compress_compact dependency coming from both flink-core and test_containers however with different versions.
The interesting thing that i was able to reproduce and fix it locally however don't understand why that fix doesn't work with GHA... Anyway this seems to be a known issue and has been already fixed in downstream connectors repo like
hbase: https://github.com/snuyanzin/flink-connector-hbase/blob/e40ee4f7676659cb93bf85a5db42b98b12c091be/pom.xml#L414-L418
opensearch: https://github.com/apache/flink-connector-opensearch/blob/ab36cebc12db3aa0fa9df8a770b1845a78afe5bf/pom.xml#L275-L280
jdbc: https://github.com/apache/flink-connector-jdbc/blob/8e0496a5a9727087b38c2fc412a397a232ee0f5f/pom.xml#L297-L302

[MartijnVisser]

Great improvement, thanks!