[issue 7851][C++] Make clear() thread-safe (#7862)

Fixes #7851

### Motivation

`clear()` methods of `BatchAcknowledgementTracker` and `UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled` are not thread-safe.

### Modifications

Acquire a mutex in these `clear()` methods.
(cherry picked from commit 97f4112)

pulsar-client-cpp/lib/BatchAcknowledgementTracker.cc

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ BatchAcknowledgementTracker::BatchAcknowledgementTracker(const std::string topic
 }
 
 void BatchAcknowledgementTracker::clear() {
+    Lock lock(mutex_);
     trackerMap_.clear();
     sendList_.clear();
 }

pulsar-client-cpp/lib/UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::timeoutHandler() {
 }
 
 void UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::timeoutHandlerHelper() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> acquire(lock_);
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> acquire(lock_);
     LOG_DEBUG("UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::timeoutHandlerHelper invoked for consumerPtr_ "
               << consumerReference_.getName().c_str());
 
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ void UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::timeoutHandlerHelper() {
     timePartitions.push_back(headPartition);
 
     if (msgIdsToRedeliver.size() > 0) {
+        // redeliverUnacknowledgedMessages() may call clear() that acquire the lock again, so we should unlock
+        // here to avoid deadlock
+        acquire.unlock();
         consumerReference_.redeliverUnacknowledgedMessages(msgIdsToRedeliver);
     }
 }
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ void UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::removeTopicMessage(const std::string& topic)
 }
 
 void UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled::clear() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> acquire(lock_);
     messageIdPartitionMap.clear();
     for (auto it = timePartitions.begin(); it != timePartitions.end(); it++) {
         it->clear();

pulsar-client-cpp/tests/BasicEndToEndTest.cc

@@ -1748,6 +1748,8 @@ TEST(BasicEndToEndTest, testPartitionTopicUnAckedMessageTimeout) {
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
         timeWaited += 500;
     }
+
+    client.close();
 }
 
 TEST(BasicEndToEndTest, testUnAckedMessageTimeoutListener) {