[SEDONA-193] Refactor MakeEmptyRaster to allow setting custom datatype

common/src/main/java/org/apache/sedona/common/raster/RasterConstructors.java

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public static GridCoverage2D fromGeoTiff(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
     }
 
     /**
+     * Convenience function setting DOUBLE as datatype for the bands
      * Create a new empty raster with the given number of empty bands.
      * The bounding envelope is defined by the upper left corner and the scale.
      * The math formula of the envelope is: minX = upperLeftX = lowerLeftX, minY (lowerLeftY) = upperLeftY - height * pixelSize
@@ -70,9 +71,50 @@ public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, int widthInPixel, int
         return makeEmptyRaster(numBand, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, pixelSize, -pixelSize, 0, 0, 0);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convenience function allowing explicitly setting the datatype for all the bands
+     * @param numBand
+     * @param dataType
+     * @param widthInPixel
+     * @param heightInPixel
+     * @param upperLeftX
+     * @param upperLeftY
+     * @param pixelSize
+     * @return
+     * @throws FactoryException
+     */
+    public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, String dataType, int widthInPixel, int heightInPixel, double upperLeftX, double upperLeftY, double pixelSize)
+            throws FactoryException
+    {
+        return makeEmptyRaster(numBand, dataType, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, pixelSize, -pixelSize, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function for creating a raster with data type DOUBLE for all the bands
+     * @param numBand
+     * @param widthInPixel
+     * @param heightInPixel
+     * @param upperLeftX
+     * @param upperLeftY
+     * @param scaleX
+     * @param scaleY
+     * @param skewX
+     * @param skewY
+     * @param srid
+     * @return
+     * @throws FactoryException
+     */
+    public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, int widthInPixel, int heightInPixel, double upperLeftX, double upperLeftY, double scaleX, double scaleY, double skewX, double skewY, int srid)
+            throws FactoryException
+    {
+        return makeEmptyRaster(numBand, "d", widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, scaleX, scaleY, skewX, skewY, srid);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a new empty raster with the given number of empty bands
      * @param numBand the number of bands
+     * @param bandDataType the data type of the raster, one of D | B | I | F | S | US
      * @param widthInPixel the width of the raster, in pixel
      * @param heightInPixel the height of the raster, in pixel
      * @param upperLeftX the upper left corner of the raster, in the CRS unit. Note that: the minX of the envelope is equal to the upperLeftX
@@ -85,7 +127,7 @@ public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, int widthInPixel, int
      * @return the new empty raster
      * @throws FactoryException
      */
-    public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, int widthInPixel, int heightInPixel, double upperLeftX, double upperLeftY, double scaleX, double scaleY, double skewX, double skewY, int srid)
+    public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, String bandDataType, int widthInPixel, int heightInPixel, double upperLeftX, double upperLeftY, double scaleX, double scaleY, double skewX, double skewY, int srid)
             throws FactoryException
     {
         CoordinateReferenceSystem crs;
@@ -96,12 +138,30 @@ public static GridCoverage2D makeEmptyRaster(int numBand, int widthInPixel, int
         }
 
         // Create a new empty raster
-        WritableRaster raster = RasterFactory.createBandedRaster(DataBuffer.TYPE_DOUBLE, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, numBand, null);
+        WritableRaster raster = RasterFactory.createBandedRaster(getDataTypeCode(bandDataType), widthInPixel, heightInPixel, numBand, null);
         MathTransform transform = new AffineTransform2D(scaleX, skewY, skewX, scaleY, upperLeftX, upperLeftY);
         GridGeometry2D gridGeometry = new GridGeometry2D(
                 new GridEnvelope2D(0, 0, widthInPixel, heightInPixel),
                 PixelInCell.CELL_CORNER,
                 transform, crs, null);
         return RasterUtils.create(raster, gridGeometry, null);
     }
-}
+
+    private static int getDataTypeCode(String s) {
+        switch (s.toLowerCase()) {
+            case "d":
+                return 5;
+            case "i":
+                return 3;
+            case "b":
+                return 0;
+            case "f":
+                return 4;
+            case "u":
+                return 2;
+            case "us":
+                return 1;
+        }
+        return 5; // defaulting to double
+    }
+}

common/src/test/java/org/apache/sedona/common/raster/RasterConstructorsTest.java

@@ -62,13 +62,23 @@ public void makeEmptyRaster() throws FactoryException {
         int heightInPixel = 2;
         double pixelSize = 2;
         int numBands = 1;
+        String dataType = "I";
 
         GridCoverage2D gridCoverage2D = RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster(numBands, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, pixelSize);
         Geometry envelope = GeometryFunctions.envelope(gridCoverage2D);
         assertEquals(upperLeftX, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinX(), 0.001);
         assertEquals(upperLeftX + widthInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxX(), 0.001);
         assertEquals(upperLeftY - heightInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinY(), 0.001);
         assertEquals(upperLeftY, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("REAL_64BITS", gridCoverage2D.getSampleDimension(0).getSampleDimensionType().name());
+
+        gridCoverage2D = RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster(numBands, dataType, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, pixelSize);
+        envelope = GeometryFunctions.envelope(gridCoverage2D);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftX, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinX(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftX + widthInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxX(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftY - heightInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftY, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("SIGNED_32BITS", gridCoverage2D.getSampleDimension(0).getSampleDimensionType().name());
 
         assertEquals("POLYGON ((0 -4, 0 0, 2 0, 2 -4, 0 -4))", envelope.toString());
         double expectedWidthInDegree = pixelSize * widthInPixel;
@@ -86,5 +96,15 @@ public void makeEmptyRaster() throws FactoryException {
         assertEquals(upperLeftX + widthInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxX(), 0.001);
         assertEquals(upperLeftY - heightInPixel * (pixelSize + 1), envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinY(), 0.001);
         assertEquals(upperLeftY, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("REAL_64BITS", gridCoverage2D.getSampleDimension(0).getSampleDimensionType().name());
+
+        gridCoverage2D = RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster(numBands, dataType, widthInPixel, heightInPixel, upperLeftX, upperLeftY, pixelSize, -pixelSize - 1, 0, 0, 0);
+        envelope = GeometryFunctions.envelope(gridCoverage2D);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftX, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinX(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftX + widthInPixel * pixelSize, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxX(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftY - heightInPixel * (pixelSize + 1), envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMinY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(upperLeftY, envelope.getEnvelopeInternal().getMaxY(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("SIGNED_32BITS", gridCoverage2D.getSampleDimension(0).getSampleDimensionType().name());
     }
+
 }

docs/api/sql/Raster-loader.md

@@ -51,11 +51,19 @@ df = df.withColumn("raster", f.expr("RS_FromGeoTiff(content)"))
 
 Introduction: Returns an empty raster geometry. Every band in the raster is initialized to `0.0`.
 
-Since: `v1.4.1`
+Since: `v1.5.0`
 
-Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: Double, upperleftY: Double, cellSize:Double)`
+Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, bandDataType:String = 'D', width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: Double, upperleftY: Double, cellSize:Double)`
 
 * NumBands: The number of bands in the raster. If not specified, the raster will have a single band.
+* BandDataType: Optional parameter specifying the data types of all the bands in the created raster.
+Accepts one of: 
+    1. "D" - 64 bits Double
+    2. "F" - 32 bits Float
+    3. "I" - 32 bits signed Integer
+    4. "S" - 16 bits signed Short
+    5. "US" - 16 bits unsigned Short
+    6. "B" - 8 bits Byte
 * Width: The width of the raster in pixels.
 * Height: The height of the raster in pixels.
 * UpperleftX: The X coordinate of the upper left corner of the raster, in terms of the CRS units.
@@ -64,9 +72,17 @@ Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: D
 
 It uses the default Cartesian coordinate system.
 
-Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: Double, upperleftY: Double, scaleX:Double, scaleY:Double, skewX:Double, skewY:Double, srid: Int)`
+Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, bandDataType = 'D', width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: Double, upperleftY: Double, scaleX:Double, scaleY:Double, skewX:Double, skewY:Double, srid: Int)`
 
 * NumBands: The number of bands in the raster. If not specified, the raster will have a single band.
+* BandDataType: Optional parameter specifying the data types of all the bands in the created raster.
+Accepts one of:
+    1. "D" - 64 bits Double
+    2. "F" - 32 bits Float
+    3. "I" - 32 bits signed Integer
+    4. "S" - 16 bits signed Short
+    5. "US" - 16 bits unsigned Short
+    6. "B" - 8 bits Byte
 * Width: The width of the raster in pixels.
 * Height: The height of the raster in pixels.
 * UpperleftX: The X coordinate of the upper left corner of the raster, in terms of the CRS units.
@@ -77,6 +93,10 @@ Format: `RS_MakeEmptyRaster(numBands:Int, width: Int, height: Int, upperleftX: D
 * SkewY: The skew of the raster on the Y axis, in terms of the CRS units.
 * SRID: The SRID of the raster. Use 0 if you want to use the default Cartesian coordinate system. Use 4326 if you want to use WGS84.
 
+
+!!!Note
+  If any other value than the accepted values for the bandDataType is provided, RS_MakeEmptyRaster defaults to double as the data type for the raster.
+
 SQL example 1 (with 2 bands):
 
 ```sql
@@ -92,7 +112,23 @@ Output:
 +--------------------------------------------+
 ```
 
-SQL example 1 (with 2 bands, scale, skew, and SRID):
+SQL example 2 (with 2 bands and dataType):
+
+```sql
+SELECT RS_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 'I', 10, 10, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) - Create a raster with integer datatype
+```
+
+Output:
+```
++--------------------------------------------+
+|rs_makeemptyraster(2, 10, 10, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)|
++--------------------------------------------+
+|                        GridCoverage2D["g...|
++--------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+
+SQL example 3 (with 2 bands, scale, skew, and SRID):
 
 ```sql
 SELECT RS_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 10, 10, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4326)
@@ -107,6 +143,22 @@ Output:
 +------------------------------------------------------------------+
 ```
 
+
+SQL example 4 (with 2 bands, scale, skew, and SRID):
+
+```sql
+SELECT RS_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 'F', 10, 10, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4326) - Create a raster with float datatype
+```
+
+Output:
+```
++------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|rs_makeemptyraster(2, 10, 10, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 4326)|
++------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                              GridCoverage2D["g...|
++------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
 ## Load GeoTiff to Array[Double] format
 
 !!!warning

sql/common/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/sedona_sql/expressions/raster/RasterConstructors.scala

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ case class RS_FromGeoTiff(inputExpressions: Seq[Expression])
 
 case class RS_MakeEmptyRaster(inputExpressions: Seq[Expression])
   extends InferredExpression(
-    inferrableFunction6(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster),
-    inferrableFunction10(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster)) {
+    inferrableFunction6(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster), inferrableFunction7(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster),
+    inferrableFunction10(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster), inferrableFunction11(RasterConstructors.makeEmptyRaster)) {
 
   override def foldable: Boolean = false
 

sql/common/src/test/scala/org/apache/sedona/sql/rasteralgebraTest.scala

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
  */
 package org.apache.sedona.sql
 
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.TableChange.ColumnPosition.first
 import org.apache.spark.sql.functions.{collect_list, expr}
 import org.geotools.coverage.grid.GridCoverage2D
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
@@ -447,20 +448,28 @@ class rasteralgebraTest extends TestBaseScala with BeforeAndAfter with GivenWhen
       val upperLeftY = 0.0
       val cellSize = 1.0
       val numBands = 2
-      // Test without skewX, skewY, srid
+      // Test without skewX, skewY, srid and datatype
       var result = sparkSession.sql(s"SELECT RS_Metadata(RS_MakeEmptyRaster($numBands, $widthInPixel, $heightInPixel, $upperLeftX, $upperLeftY, $cellSize))").first().getSeq(0)
       assertEquals(numBands, result(9), 0.001)
 
+      //Test without skewX, skewY, srid
+      result = sparkSession.sql(s"SELECT RS_Metadata(RS_MakeEmptyRaster($numBands, 'I', $widthInPixel, $heightInPixel, $upperLeftX, $upperLeftY, $cellSize))").first().getSeq(0)
+      assertEquals(numBands, result(9), 0.001)
+
       // Test with integer type input
       result = sparkSession.sql(s"SELECT RS_Metadata(RS_MakeEmptyRaster($numBands, $widthInPixel, $heightInPixel, ${upperLeftX.toInt}, ${upperLeftY.toInt}, ${cellSize.toInt}))").first().getSeq(0)
       assertEquals(numBands, result(9), 0.001)
 
-      // Test with skewX, skewY, srid
+      // Test with skewX, skewY, srid but WITHOUT datatype
       val skewX = 0.0
       val skewY = 0.0
       val srid = 0
       result = sparkSession.sql(s"SELECT RS_Metadata(RS_MakeEmptyRaster($numBands, $widthInPixel, $heightInPixel, $upperLeftX, $upperLeftY, $cellSize, -$cellSize, $skewX, $skewY, $srid))").first().getSeq(0)
       assertEquals(numBands, result(9), 0.001)
+
+      //Test with skewX, skewY, srid and datatype
+      result = sparkSession.sql(s"SELECT RS_Metadata(RS_MakeEmptyRaster($numBands, 'I', $widthInPixel, $heightInPixel, $upperLeftX, $upperLeftY, $cellSize, -$cellSize, $skewX, $skewY, $srid))").first().getSeq(0)
+      assertEquals(numBands, result(9), 0.001)
     }
 
     it("Passed RS_BandAsArray") {