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Use "pipeline-caching" for coreclr and libraries builds #62464

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@kunalspathak kunalspathak commented Dec 7, 2021

The goal of this PR is to enable pipeline-caching for build scenarios of coreclr and libraries. In future, we would like to extend it for scenarios like building test, Mono and to some extent test execution.

Overview

The idea behind pipeline caching is simple. After the artifacts of a particular job is produced, store it in an Azure cache against a particular "cache key". If there is a subsequent run that happens in the pipeline (related or unrelated to the original run), and if the "cache key" matches, the job will simply download the cached contents and skip producing the artifacts entirely, saving us some machine time. In this PR, the artifacts creation that I am optimizing is the creation of coreclr and libraries binaries. During the coreclr/libraries build step, it will see if we have already built the binaries and if yes, it will simply download it from Azure storage and upload it as pipeline artifacts. All the steps related to installing pre-requisite tools, product build, zipping, etc. will be skipped. This is possible using Cache@2 task of AzDo.

Scenarios

In this PR, the support of pipeline-caching is added to all the pipelines (internal and public) that consumes coreclr/templates/build-job.yml and libraries/build-job.yml files and if triggered Manually or through a PullRequest. To take an example, if a developer submits a PullRequest that just touches libraries folder. During the first execution of runtime pipeline on the PR branch, the build-job.yml would build required coreclr/libraries builds. If the developer further pushes more changes and if between the initial and subsequent changes, if there were no additional changes done in coreclr folder on main branch (see more details below), the caching will restore the previously cached CoreCLR binaries without needing to build them again. It will also upload the required artifacts, just as it happens today. Since there are at least 10~30 different configuration of coreclr builds we do, if the cache is "hit", we could save approximately 30 * 15 mins = 450 minutes of machine execution time on the subsequent run once this feature is enabled. As of today, the cache key is only matched per PR-branch. In other words, if there is a PR# AAA that touched libraries folder and we built and cached the artifacts that were produced out of it. Next there is another PR# BBB that is sent out and it too just touched libraries folder, and between AAA and BBB there were no coreclr commits in main, PR #BBB will still not be able to use cached contents. I have opened an microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks#15589 to check why. The documentation clearly says that such scenarios are allowed, and cache can be used across branches within the same pipeline. However, if there were further updates to PR AAA, the cached contents can be used.

To summarize, in the best case, for a single additional push to a PR branch, pipeline caching can save up to 450 minutes of machine time. The worst case, when there are too many frequent changes in coreclr and libraries, the cache-key will never match and we will end up building the product, the way we do today except that we will continue to cache them in the hope that some run will use it. The step that caches the contents takes approximately 20 seconds and hence should not regress the current workflow.

Cache Key

Cache@2 needs a cache-key that should be unique for that particular run. Azdo creates a fingerprint of the cache-key and uses it to search for the cached contents. One portion of the cache-key should contain the build specific information like OS name, Architecture, BuildType (Debug, Checked or Release), framework name, etc. However, we also need a unique identifier to confirm if there were any changes in folders/files that would help us decide if a build is needed or not. The way I approached it is by checking the git-hashes of the paths we are interested in. get_commit_hash is the python script that I would trigger to fetch the git-hashes of the paths that are interested for that particular build. For examples, if building coreclr, I would check the git commit hashes of src/coreclr and src/native folder. All the git commit hashes along with the build configuration (OS, architecture, etc.) is saved in a commit.txt file. I then use the contents of this file as the cache key that AzDo will use to check if it is a "cache hit" or a "cache miss".

Before we run the pipeline, we always merge the latest main in the PR branch. In such cases, if files inside coreclr is touched, we will always find a unique merge hash commit for coreclr folder and hence mismatch the previous cache key. This will guarantee that we build coreclr if there are any changes in that folder. On the contrary, we just fetch 40 commit's history during checkout. I added code to fetch little more history so we can correctly see the last commit that changed a folder/file. But sometimes, that might not be enough, and the files/folders might have changed prior to the history we have on AzDo machine. In such case, I will make an entry of grafted next to the file path. Here are sample logs from get_commit_hash file.

Design

As mentioned previously, the UsePipeline variable is set to true only if the run is triggered from a PullRequest or Manually. It will be used to determine if Cache@2 needs to be executed. There are other variables like BUILD_CACHE_RESTORED, BUILD_LOGS_RESTORED`, etc. that are set if the cache is restored. The values of these variables are then used to determine whether we should perform a particular step or should skip it.

There are few templates where the checks for BUILD_CACHE_RESTORED was needed and there is not a reliable way to add this in condition. Hence, I had to add their check explicitly in those yml files.

Lookouts

Reviewers, please make sure if the paths I have listed in get_commit_hash are correct and if more paths need to be added in the given categories.

Next

I have a kustos query to understand if we are hitting "Cache Hit" or not. So in future, if we think that we almost never hit cache, we can look back and see how to improve things. Overall, if this is successful, it will also prove beneficial to cache building coreclr/libraries test because they are changed less frequently and hence will certainly be restored from the cache.

Risk

It could happen that due to a bug, we might restore the cache that contains wrong or incorrect build artifacts. To work around, a developer can always make changes to one of the paths listed under common category and in such cases, the cache will always guarantee to see a cache miss. I have also opened microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks#15583 to track some other issues in this feature.

Contributes to #59598

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I couldn't figure out the best area label to add to this PR. If you have write-permissions please help me learn by adding exactly one area label.

Cache nuget packags in libraries build

TOREVERT: Just build windows/x64 libraries

Use Cache_Key variable

No cache key

PreBuildSteps

fix echo statement

Set cacheHitVar

Add variables

space

space 2

no need of another variables

Print CACHE_RESTORED

Cache based on commit hash

fix space

Remove condition from upload

Remove one more condition

minor change

Try upload artifact step

misc changes in libraries

Use caching for Coreclr builds

Print commit hashes

print dir

Point to staging folder

Skip zipping if using cached

Add debugging logic

add |

Comment coreclr product for now

useCached1,2,3

Change git log command

upload-cached-artifact and checking about CACHE_RESTORED

get-commit-hash.cmd

Another CACHE_RESTORED try

fix minor issue

script fix

use no-pager

Use git log in yml

Use CACHE_RESTORED in template files directly

Echo git commands

Temp disable building command

Add --

Use python script to get commits

fix the cache key

add condition at one place

Disable commit cachekey

Move the conditions properly:

Build coreclr with cache

Use DAC_CACHE_RESTORED

Run for all OS/platforms

include arch in cache

Includearch on libraries

Remove failing test

keys

Just do windows x64/x86

Cache build log for libraries

UsePipelineCache

Remove the condition for DAC_CACHE_RESTORED caching

fix the coreclr sample key

Make space change

Fix the missing )

Fix the missing )

variable UsePipelineCache

Use variables.UsePipelineCache

Fix the missing )

Fix variables.UsePipelineCache

Add - before name/value

Use cache variable names

Just build libraries x64

Print build reason

echo %BUILD_REASON%

Change to condition

Enable windows x86 libraries:

fix publish logs

enable libraries for all platforms

use actual cache key

Enable for coreclr all platforms

Misc. changes + cleanup

Enable Linux for debugging

Use *.*

Use full path

Full expand

Expand cache key path

Cache libraries/coreclr for all platforms

shorten the coreclr cache key for testing

just run for win/x86

fix the cross dac problem

fix the parameters

removing )

Skip restore internal tools

Cache build logs

Reintroduce python script for git hash

fix build error

add logging to see why things are failing

wrap in quotes

python inline

fix alignment:

Add back print

fix the yml files

Run git fetch

Better history fetching

Enable linux x64 to check the errors

convert from deepen to depth

use access token

replace dceng as well:

fix typo

Remove print tool

retry logic

Add git log

fix exit_on_fail

print git version

no pager for initial log

fix error

Enable Linux build

enable for all platforms

Do not use retry logic

create crossDacBuild

Change from md to mkdir

enable all platforms

Use mkdir -p

Use label

proper label

do not cache/restore for DAC

Reenable for all platforms

Use updated commit_hash file

Enable libraries as well

Rename some variables and comments

Dummy change

Revert "Dummy change"

This reverts commit 645b20b7fe53e1f3787e42bee7add9895acdbc1e.

Flip the condition to fix Mono builds

Print source_directory

Use os/subob/archtype/

Dummy change

Fix the os arch names
@kunalspathak kunalspathak marked this pull request as ready for review December 8, 2021 22:20
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kunalspathak commented Dec 8, 2021

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'Directory.Solution.props',
# 'eng'
],
'coreclr': [
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This looks fragile. coreclr build depends on code under libraries (in particular, libraries/Common and src/coreclr/System.Private.CoreLib)

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Yes - As called out in "Lookouts" above, this piece is intentionally left open ended and I am expecting reviewers to point the right set of paths I should have under each category.

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I understand. Coming with the 100% right set of paths here is close to impossible.

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Got it. Do you (or anyone else) can brainstorm other ideas to capture it effectively without tracking commit hashes? While it might take certain iterations to get right, I don't want to give up on this feature, provided the value we can get out of it.

Also, I guess, it should be less risky and straightforward to enable this for test builds at least?

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provided the value we can get out of it.

FWIW: Some data from September 2021:

  • The CI is triggered 2.36x times per PR on average
  • We spend ~150 hours of build machine time and ~300 hours of test machine time per PR on average
    I do like this change and I think we should look into some sort of caching scheme like this. Where we are now, this change is only going to reduce the total CI costs by a few percent (<5%).

it should be less risky and straightforward to enable this for test builds at least?

Yes, I think so.

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Another challenge that I faced, and I want to change is the following:

I tested this mechanics on internal pipelines where I trigged the run manually on the branch where I was developing this feature. So essentially, there were no changes to other folders/files except the ones in my branch. With that model, the cache was hit more frequently because the git history was linear. Only my changes were going into the PR branch.

When I ported it to public pipeline, I realized that on every single run, we do a MERGE commit that brings in newer changes to the PR branch and that invalidates the cache more often because whenever newer change is pushed on PR branch, when runs are triggered, newer changes can come from main branch, leading to not matching the cache often.

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jkotas commented Dec 8, 2021

Would it be possible to use a regular incremental build for this? ie download the cached artifacts and run regular build on top of it, rebuilding everything that was invalidated as necessary. I think it would be much more robust than trying to manually duplicate build dependencies on the side.

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hoyosjs commented Dec 8, 2021

During the first execution of runtime pipeline on the PR branch, the build-job.yml would build required coreclr/libraries builds. If the developer further pushes more changes and if between the initial and subsequent changes, if there were no additional changes done in coreclr folder on main branch (see more details below), the caching will restore the previously cached CoreCLR binaries without needing to build them again. It will also upload the required artifacts, just as it happens today. Since there are at least 10~30 different configuration of coreclr builds we do, if the cache is "hit", we could save approximately 30 * 15 mins = 450 minutes of machine execution time on the subsequent run once this feature is enabled.

This isn't fully correct. It's also brittle. Things it doesn't consider: environment, relationship to other directories (installer + coreclr has different behavior for single file vs non-singlefile, or at least it did at some point), the eng directory, the build scripts, the arcade runtime.

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hoyosjs commented Dec 8, 2021

Would it be possible to use a regular incremental build for this? ie download the cached artifacts and run regular build on top of it, rebuilding everything that was invalidated as necessary. I think it would be much more robust than trying to manually duplicate build dependencies on the side.

Depending on the build system, isn't this also brittle (less than hardcoded dependency)? I thought MSBuild used timestamps. Does downloading from cache preserve such metadata such that the newly checked out source wont always be newer?

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jkotas commented Dec 8, 2021

Does downloading from cache preserve such metadata such that the newly checked out source wont always be newer?

Right, we would have to make sure that the time stamps are set right for the incremental logic to kick in.

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safern commented Dec 8, 2021

I believe pipeline caching would essentially be the same as artifacts, but the pipeline caching is tight to a pipeline and based on a key, which simplifies things in a sense, if we wanted to download from a pipeline we would need to get the latest successful build and get its info to know if it applies based on the changed paths. However that would help for local development if we wanted, I.e we could enable a switch on a script to download the latest coreclr or libraries from the latest CI pipeline to boost dev productivity.

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relationship to other directories (installer + coreclr has different behavior for single file vs non-singlefile, or at least it did at some point), the eng directory, the build scripts, the arcade runtime.

Yes, I believe it all comes to having right paths set up in get_commit_hash.py.

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download the cached artifacts and run regular build on top of it,

I am not sure if CacheTask is designed for that. From the docs and looking at how others used it , it is mainly used to skip producing the artifacts, if already exist.

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hoyosjs commented Dec 9, 2021

I think evaluating this as an incremental build might be worth from a perspective of:

  • Any issues with incremental improvements will impact both CI and the local dev scenario.
  • It uses the cache better as in small changes will likely reuse a lot of the cache, even if a change in the directory is detected. The only feasible way to track dependencies is with the build graph, which build tools already do, and we'd be leveraging that.
  • It would leverage the work the rolling build does and build the delta for the first build, and then build upon that.
  • We could just make the rolling build always build for sanity if we think it's work and the churn from PRs is not too big (i don't think too many PRs go in in ~3 hr)

Ninja/native already reuses this really well as it checks hashes AFAIK (@jkoritzinsky might be able to confirm). This might be a reason to also move other platforms to this (unless make already handles this well). This means we need to cache the obj directory. Not sure if this is unwieldy (GB of cache per leg).

The only questions I have left are:

  • Who pays for the storage? How long does it live?
  • What's the cache eviction policy? How do we deal with bad rolling builds.
  • Would it preserve metadata like we need for MSBuild?

This would force us to improve the general .NET build system, so in some sort of sense it's also product points, but it has the potential of being disruptive.

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kunalspathak commented Dec 9, 2021

This means we need to cache the obj directory.

But what about the timestamp? If the files in obj are older than the source code (which will always be the case because we just cloned the repo), will incremental build work? But definitely worth trying. Also, we will still need to figure out the appropriate cache key to used, yes?

Not sure if this is unwieldy (GB of cache per leg).
They have good deduplication logic. For example, below is the log from caching one of the build artifacts, so I am not too worried about that.

Content upload statistics:
Total Content: 642.6 MB
Physical Content Uploaded: 317.8 MB
Logical Content Uploaded: 317.8 MB
Compression Saved: 12.0 KB
Deduplication Saved: 324.8 MB
Number of Chunks Uploaded: 4,077
Total Number of Chunks: 16,472

  • Who pays for the storage? How long does it live?
  • What's the cache eviction policy? How do we deal with bad rolling builds.

Answers to those questions are in https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/release/caching?view=azure-devops#q-when-does-a-cache-expire.

  • Would it preserve metadata like we need for MSBuild?

I am not sure.

- task: Cache@2
displayName: Cache Build $(ConfigurationName)
inputs:
key: '"Build" | $(CommitsOutputFile)'
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this should probably also include at least:

I do share Jan's concern that it's hard to capture 100% of all the paths and environment settings that can affect whether a cache can be used.

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this should probably also include at least:

  • Build machine OS (e.g. we can build the WASM target on both Windows or Linux)

That should be fairly easy to include. Was not aware about that for WASM.

Good point.

  • Path to source directory (not sure if this is already implicitly handled by get_commit_hash.py)

That is handled by get_commit_hash.py.

I do share Jan's concern that it's hard to capture 100% of all the paths and environment settings that can affect whether a cache can be used.

Sure, the way I understand from the existing comments is there is a consensus in having this just for test artifacts and then experiment if caching and restoring obj folder followed by an incremental build would help. If it works, then we can have a job that continuously build and caches the obj folder of newer commits and all the PR builds take advantage of them and improving build-time. As @safern pointed, we can have some script to download the obj folder depending on the commit you are at, to make inner loop development faster. I tried experimenting the "reusing obj folder" on my windows machine by cloning runtime repo in a fresh location and copying the pre-built obj folder from another location into it. So far, I see that obj folder contains lot of files that has hardcoded path of the original repo location. I tried replacing the paths with new locations, but there were still some places that referenced old repo location and hence when I do a build on new repo location, it was still building it for old location (at least that's what I understood from the console output). I am not too familiar with how it works, or what needs to be updated in obj folder for it to get reused. If someone can try this out and confirm the necessary steps, I am happy to take it forward from there.

@@ -81,27 +81,102 @@ jobs:
- ${{ if eq(parameters.useHelix, true) }}:
- _additionalBuildArguments: /p:ArchiveTests=true

# Currently only support pipeline caching for PRs and manual triggered runs
- ${{ if or(in(variables['Build.Reason'], 'PullRequest'), in(variables['Build.Reason'], 'Manual')) }}:
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I guess manual triggered runs was mostly for testing or are we keeping that?

- ${{ parameters.variables }}

steps:

# Get the commit hashes of interesting folder for caching
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Should we put all these common cache steps on a common template file and then configure it via parameters?

value: '$(Build.SourcesDirectory)/src/coreclr/scripts/get_commit_hash.py'

# Otherwise set all the cache-specific variables to 'false' which will ensure to build product.
- ${{ if and(notin(variables['Build.Reason'], 'PullRequest'), notin(variables['Build.Reason'], 'Manual')) }}:
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Can we put all these variables that are shared across different templates on xplat-setup which is used by all templates?

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Tagging subscribers to this area: @dotnet/runtime-infrastructure
See info in area-owners.md if you want to be subscribed.

Issue Details

The goal of this PR is to enable pipeline-caching for build scenarios of coreclr and libraries. In future, we would like to extend it for scenarios like building test, Mono and to some extent test execution.

Overview

The idea behind pipeline caching is simple. After the artifacts of a particular job is produced, store it in an Azure cache against a particular "cache key". If there is a subsequent run that happens in the pipeline (related or unrelated to the original run), and if the "cache key" matches, the job will simply download the cached contents and skip producing the artifacts entirely, saving us some machine time. In this PR, the artifacts creation that I am optimizing is the creation of coreclr and libraries binaries. During the coreclr/libraries build step, it will see if we have already built the binaries and if yes, it will simply download it from Azure storage and upload it as pipeline artifacts. All the steps related to installing pre-requisite tools, product build, zipping, etc. will be skipped. This is possible using Cache@2 task of AzDo.

Scenarios

In this PR, the support of pipeline-caching is added to all the pipelines (internal and public) that consumes coreclr/templates/build-job.yml and libraries/build-job.yml files and if triggered Manually or through a PullRequest. To take an example, if a developer submits a PullRequest that just touches libraries folder. During the first execution of runtime pipeline on the PR branch, the build-job.yml would build required coreclr/libraries builds. If the developer further pushes more changes and if between the initial and subsequent changes, if there were no additional changes done in coreclr folder on main branch (see more details below), the caching will restore the previously cached CoreCLR binaries without needing to build them again. It will also upload the required artifacts, just as it happens today. Since there are at least 10~30 different configuration of coreclr builds we do, if the cache is "hit", we could save approximately 30 * 15 mins = 450 minutes of machine execution time on the subsequent run once this feature is enabled. As of today, the cache key is only matched per PR-branch. In other words, if there is a PR# AAA that touched libraries folder and we built and cached the artifacts that were produced out of it. Next there is another PR# BBB that is sent out and it too just touched libraries folder, and between AAA and BBB there were no coreclr commits in main, PR #BBB will still not be able to use cached contents. I have opened an microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks#15589 to check why. The documentation clearly says that such scenarios are allowed, and cache can be used across branches within the same pipeline. However, if there were further updates to PR AAA, the cached contents can be used.

To summarize, in the best case, for a single additional push to a PR branch, pipeline caching can save up to 450 minutes of machine time. The worst case, when there are too many frequent changes in coreclr and libraries, the cache-key will never match and we will end up building the product, the way we do today except that we will continue to cache them in the hope that some run will use it. The step that caches the contents takes approximately 20 seconds and hence should not regress the current workflow.

Cache Key

Cache@2 needs a cache-key that should be unique for that particular run. Azdo creates a fingerprint of the cache-key and uses it to search for the cached contents. One portion of the cache-key should contain the build specific information like OS name, Architecture, BuildType (Debug, Checked or Release), framework name, etc. However, we also need a unique identifier to confirm if there were any changes in folders/files that would help us decide if a build is needed or not. The way I approached it is by checking the git-hashes of the paths we are interested in. get_commit_hash is the python script that I would trigger to fetch the git-hashes of the paths that are interested for that particular build. For examples, if building coreclr, I would check the git commit hashes of src/coreclr and src/native folder. All the git commit hashes along with the build configuration (OS, architecture, etc.) is saved in a commit.txt file. I then use the contents of this file as the cache key that AzDo will use to check if it is a "cache hit" or a "cache miss".

Before we run the pipeline, we always merge the latest main in the PR branch. In such cases, if files inside coreclr is touched, we will always find a unique merge hash commit for coreclr folder and hence mismatch the previous cache key. This will guarantee that we build coreclr if there are any changes in that folder. On the contrary, we just fetch 40 commit's history during checkout. I added code to fetch little more history so we can correctly see the last commit that changed a folder/file. But sometimes, that might not be enough, and the files/folders might have changed prior to the history we have on AzDo machine. In such case, I will make an entry of grafted next to the file path. Here are sample logs from get_commit_hash file.

Design

As mentioned previously, the UsePipeline variable is set to true only if the run is triggered from a PullRequest or Manually. It will be used to determine if Cache@2 needs to be executed. There are other variables like BUILD_CACHE_RESTORED, BUILD_LOGS_RESTORED`, etc. that are set if the cache is restored. The values of these variables are then used to determine whether we should perform a particular step or should skip it.

There are few templates where the checks for BUILD_CACHE_RESTORED was needed and there is not a reliable way to add this in condition. Hence, I had to add their check explicitly in those yml files.

Lookouts

Reviewers, please make sure if the paths I have listed in get_commit_hash are correct and if more paths need to be added in the given categories.

Next

I have a kustos query to understand if we are hitting "Cache Hit" or not. So in future, if we think that we almost never hit cache, we can look back and see how to improve things. Overall, if this is successful, it will also prove beneficial to cache building coreclr/libraries test because they are changed less frequently and hence will certainly be restored from the cache.

Risk

It could happen that due to a bug, we might restore the cache that contains wrong or incorrect build artifacts. To work around, a developer can always make changes to one of the paths listed under common category and in such cases, the cache will always guarantee to see a cache miss. I have also opened microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks#15583 to track some other issues in this feature.

Contributes to #59598

Author: kunalspathak
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Labels:

area-Infrastructure

Milestone: -

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jkotas commented Jul 5, 2022

Stale PR

@jkotas jkotas closed this Jul 5, 2022
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