bowling: Add exercise

exercises/practice/bowling/.docs/instructions.md

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+# Instructions
+
+Score a bowling game.
+
+Bowling is a game where players roll a heavy ball to knock down pins arranged in a triangle.
+Write code to keep track of the score of a game of bowling.
+
+## Scoring Bowling
+
+The game consists of 10 frames.
+A frame is composed of one or two ball throws with 10 pins standing at frame initialization.
+There are three cases for the tabulation of a frame.
+
+- An open frame is where a score of less than 10 is recorded for the frame.
+  In this case the score for the frame is the number of pins knocked down.
+
+- A spare is where all ten pins are knocked down by the second throw.
+  The total value of a spare is 10 plus the number of pins knocked down in their next throw.
+
+- A strike is where all ten pins are knocked down by the first throw.
+  The total value of a strike is 10 plus the number of pins knocked down in the next two throws.
+  If a strike is immediately followed by a second strike, then the value of the first strike cannot be determined until the ball is thrown one more time.
+
+Here is a three frame example:
+
+|  Frame 1   |  Frame 2   |     Frame 3      |
+| :--------: | :--------: | :--------------: |
+| X (strike) | 5/ (spare) | 9 0 (open frame) |
+
+Frame 1 is (10 + 5 + 5) = 20
+
+Frame 2 is (5 + 5 + 9) = 19
+
+Frame 3 is (9 + 0) = 9
+
+This means the current running total is 48.
+
+The tenth frame in the game is a special case.
+If someone throws a spare or a strike then they get one or two fill balls respectively.
+Fill balls exist to calculate the total of the 10th frame.
+Scoring a strike or spare on the fill ball does not give the player more fill balls.
+The total value of the 10th frame is the total number of pins knocked down.
+
+For a tenth frame of X1/ (strike and a spare), the total value is 20.
+
+For a tenth frame of XXX (three strikes), the total value is 30.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Write code to keep track of the score of a game of bowling.
+It should support two operations:
+
+- `roll(pins : int)` is called each time the player rolls a ball.
+  The argument is the number of pins knocked down.
+- `score() : int` is called only at the very end of the game.
+  It returns the total score for that game.

exercises/practice/bowling/.meta/config.json

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+{
+  "authors": [],
+  "contributors": [
+    "vmichalak"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "src/main/kotlin/BowlingGame.kt"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "src/test/kotlin/BowlingGameTest.kt"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/src/reference/kotlin/BowlingGame.kt"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Score a bowling game.",
+  "source": "The Bowling Game Kata from UncleBob",
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221001111000/http://butunclebob.com/ArticleS.UncleBob.TheBowlingGameKata"
+}

exercises/practice/bowling/.meta/src/reference/kotlin/BowlingGame.kt

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+class BowlingGame {
+    private var builder = Frame.Builder()
+    private val frames = mutableListOf<Frame>()
+
+    private val isLastFrame: Boolean
+        get() = frames.size == 11 || (frames.size == 10 && !frames[9].isStrike)
+
+    private val isGameOver: Boolean
+        get() = when {
+            frames.size < 10 -> false
+            frames.size == 10 -> !frames[9].isSpare
+            frames.size == 11 -> !frames[9].isStrike || !frames[10].isStrike
+            else -> true
+        }
+
+    fun roll(pins: Int) {
+        if(isGameOver) {
+            throw IllegalStateException("Cannot roll after game is over")
+        }
+        builder.withRoll(pins);
+        if (builder.isComplete) {
+            frames.add(builder.build());
+            builder = Frame.Builder();
+        } else if (isLastFrame) {
+            frames.add(builder.build());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun score(): Int {
+        if(!isGameOver) {
+            throw IllegalStateException("Score cannot be taken until the end of the game")
+        }
+        return (0 until 10).sumOf { index ->
+            val current = frames[index]
+            val next = frames.getOrElse(index + 1) { Frame.EMPTY }
+            val nextNext = frames.getOrElse(index + 2) { Frame.EMPTY }
+            current.score(next, nextNext)
+        }
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/bowling/.meta/src/reference/kotlin/Frame.kt

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+class Frame(val first: Int, val second: Int) {
+    companion object {
+        val EMPTY = Frame(0, 0)
+    }
+
+    val frameScore: Int
+        get() = first + second
+
+    val isStrike: Boolean
+        get() = (first == 10)
+
+    val isSpare: Boolean
+        get() = (frameScore == 10)
+
+    fun score(next: Frame, nextNext: Frame) = frameScore + when {
+        isStrike -> nextNextRoll(next, nextNext) + next.first
+        isSpare -> next.first
+        else -> 0
+    }
+
+    private fun nextNextRoll(next: Frame, nextNext: Frame) =
+        if(next.isStrike) { nextNext.first } else { next.second }
+
+    class Builder {
+        private val rolls = mutableListOf<Int>()
+
+        val count: Int
+            get() = rolls.sum()
+
+        val isStrike: Boolean
+            get() = rolls.size == 1 && rolls[0] == 10
+
+        val isComplete: Boolean
+            get() = rolls.size == 2 || isStrike
+
+        fun withRoll(pins: Int): Builder {
+            if(isComplete) { throw IllegalStateException("Frame complete") }
+            if(pins < 0) { throw IllegalStateException("Negative roll is invalid") }
+            if(count + pins > 10) { throw IllegalStateException("Pin count exceeds pins on the lane") }
+            rolls.add(pins)
+            return this
+        }
+
+        public fun build(): Frame = when (rolls.size) {
+            2 -> Frame(rolls[0], rolls[1])
+            1 -> Frame(rolls[0], 0)
+            else -> throw AssertionError("Frame has invalid number of rolls: " + rolls.size)
+        }
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/bowling/.meta/version

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+1.0.0

exercises/practice/bowling/build.gradle.kts

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+import org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.logging.TestExceptionFormat
+
+plugins {
+    kotlin("jvm")
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(kotlin("stdlib-jdk8"))
+
+    testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.2")
+    testImplementation(kotlin("test-junit"))
+}
+
+tasks.withType<Test> {
+    testLogging {
+        exceptionFormat = TestExceptionFormat.FULL
+        events("passed", "failed", "skipped")
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/bowling/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

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+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists