ENH: add time-window capability to .rolling

xref pandas-dev#13327
CLN: pep for cython, xref pandas-dev#12995

ci/lint.sh

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ source activate pandas
 RET=0
 
 if [ "$LINT" ]; then
-    echo "Linting"
+    echo "Linting *.py"
     for path in 'core' 'indexes' 'types' 'formats' 'io' 'stats' 'compat' 'sparse' 'tools' 'tseries' 'tests' 'computation' 'util'
     do
         echo "linting -> pandas/$path"
@@ -17,7 +17,19 @@ if [ "$LINT" ]; then
         fi
 
     done
-    echo "Linting DONE"
+    echo "Linting *.py DONE"
+
+    echo "Linting *.pyx"
+    for path in 'window.pyx'
+    do
+        echo "linting -> pandas/$path"
+        flake8 pandas/$path --filename '*.pyx' --select=E501,E302,E203,E226,E111,E114,E221,E303,E128,E231,E126,E128
+        if [ $? -ne "0" ]; then
+            RET=1
+        fi
+
+    done
+    echo "Linting *.pyx DONE"
 
     echo "Check for invalid testing"
     grep -r -E --include '*.py' --exclude nosetester.py --exclude testing.py '(numpy|np)\.testing' pandas

doc/source/computation.rst

@@ -391,6 +391,67 @@ For some windowing functions, additional parameters must be specified:
     such that the weights are normalized with respect to each other. Weights
     of ``[1, 1, 1]`` and ``[2, 2, 2]`` yield the same result.
 
+.. _stats.moments.ts:
+
+Time-aware Rolling
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. versionadded:: 0.18.2
+
+New in version 0.18.2 are the ability to pass an offset (or convertible) to a ``.rolling()`` method and have it produce
+variable sized windows based on the passed time window. This is useful for a non-regular time frequency index.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft = pd.DataFrame({'B': [0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4]},
+                      index=pd.date_range('20130101 09:00:00', periods=5))
+   dft
+
+This is a regular frequency index. Using an integer window parameter works to roll along the window frequency.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling(2).sum()
+   dft.rolling(2, min_periods=1).sum()
+
+Specifying an offset allows a more intuitive specification of the rolling frequency.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling('2s').sum()
+
+Using a non-regular, but still monotonic index, rolling with an integer window does not impart any special calculation.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+
+   dft = DataFrame({'B': [0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4]},
+                   index = pd.Index([pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:00'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:02'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:03'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:05'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:06')],
+                                    name='foo'))
+
+   dft
+   dft.rolling(2).sum()
+
+
+Using the time-specification generates variable windows for this sparse data.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling('2s').sum()
+
+Furthermore, we now allow an optional ``on`` parameter to specify a column (rather than the
+default of the index) in a DataFrame.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft = dft.reset_index()
+   dft
+   dft.rolling('2s', on='foo').sum()
+
 Centering Windows
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

doc/source/whatsnew/v0.18.2.txt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ We recommend that all users upgrade to this version.
 Highlights include:
 
 - :func:`merge_asof` for asof-style time-series joining, see :ref:`here <whatsnew_0182.enhancements.asof_merge>`
+- ``.rolling()`` are now time-series aware, see :ref:`here <whatsnew_0182.enhancements.rolling_ts>`
 
 .. contents:: What's new in v0.18.2
     :local:
@@ -111,6 +112,64 @@ that forward filling happens automatically taking the most recent non-NaN value.
 This returns a merged DataFrame with the entries in the same order as the original left
 passed DataFrame (``trades`` in this case), with the fields of the ``quotes`` merged.
 
+.. _whatsnew_0182.enhancements.rolling_ts:
+
+``.rolling()`` are now time-series aware
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``.rolling()`` objects are now time-series aware and can accept a time-series offset (or convertible) for the ``window`` argument (:issue:`13327`, :issue:`12995`)
+See the full documenation :ref:`here <stats.moments.ts>`.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft = pd.DataFrame({'B': [0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4]},
+                      index=pd.date_range('20130101 09:00:00', periods=5))
+   dft
+
+This is a regular frequency index. Using an integer window parameter works to roll along the window frequency.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling(2).sum()
+   dft.rolling(2, min_periods=1).sum()
+
+Specifying an offset allows a more intuitive specification of the rolling frequency.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling('2s').sum()
+
+Using a non-regular, but still monotonic index, rolling with an integer window does not impart any special calculation.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+
+   dft = DataFrame({'B': [0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4]},
+                   index = pd.Index([pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:00'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:02'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:03'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:05'),
+                                     pd.Timestamp('20130101 09:00:06')],
+                                    name='foo'))
+
+   dft
+   dft.rolling(2).sum()
+
+Using the time-specification generates variable windows for this sparse data.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft.rolling('2s').sum()
+
+Furthermore, we now allow an optional ``on`` parameter to specify a column (rather than the
+default of the index) in a DataFrame.
+
+.. ipython:: python
+
+   dft = dft.reset_index()
+   dft
+   dft.rolling('2s', on='foo').sum()
+
 .. _whatsnew_0182.enhancements.read_csv_dupe_col_names_support:
 
 :func:`read_csv` has improved support for duplicate column names

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -5306,11 +5306,12 @@ def _add_series_or_dataframe_operations(cls):
 
         @Appender(rwindow.rolling.__doc__)
         def rolling(self, window, min_periods=None, freq=None, center=False,
-                    win_type=None, axis=0):
+                    win_type=None, on=None, axis=0):
             axis = self._get_axis_number(axis)
             return rwindow.rolling(self, window=window,
                                    min_periods=min_periods, freq=freq,
-                                   center=center, win_type=win_type, axis=axis)
+                                   center=center, win_type=win_type,
+                                   on=on, axis=axis)
 
         cls.rolling = rolling