Allow specifying an option to alter the capital cost of carriers by a…

… factor indicated in the config file, eg: solar+c0.5

This is almost a direct copy PyPSA-Eur PyPSA#167
PyPSA/pypsa-eur#167

A factor altering the maximum capacity (p_nom_max) can also be specified by e.g. solar+p3

One should be careful when using this for solar because the factor is applied to all the generators whose carrier includes the string 'solar' (i.e., it is applied to both utility and rooftop solar)

I would suggest implementing 'solar utility' and 'solar rooftop' as carriers, since this can be useful for other selecting processes. Is there is any reason for keeping 'solar' as a carrier for 'solar utility'?

The previous way of increasing maximum capacity via the config file (e.g 'solar3') is still present in the code.

config.default.yaml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ scenario:
   # B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation
   # solarx or onwindx changes the available installable potential by factor x
   # dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
+  # solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
   # for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative 
   # emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the 
   # planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Release Notes
 Future release
 ===================
 *For the myopic option, a carbon budget and a type of decay (exponential or beta) can be selected in the config file to distribute the budget across the planning_horizons.
+*Added an option to alter the capital cost of carriers by a factor via ``carrier+factor`` in the ``{opts}`` wildcard. This can be useful for exploring uncertain cost parameters. Example: ``solar+0.5`` reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of original values.
 
 PyPSA-Eur-Sec 0.4.0 (11th December 2020)
 =========================================

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -1984,8 +1984,8 @@ def get_parameter(item):
         from vresutils.snakemake import MockSnakemake
         snakemake = MockSnakemake(
             wildcards=dict(network='elec', simpl='', clusters='37', lv='1.0',
-                           opts='', planning_horizons='2020', 
-                           sector_opts='120H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist1-cb40ex0'),
+                           opts='', planning_horizons='2050', 
+                           sector_opts='Co2L0-180H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist1-solar+c0.5-Sabatier+c0.5'),
             input=dict( network='../pypsa-eur/networks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_ec_lv{lv}_{opts}.nc',
                         energy_totals_name='resources/energy_totals.csv',
                         co2_totals_name='resources/co2_totals.csv',
@@ -2024,7 +2024,7 @@ def get_parameter(item):
                 	    retro_cost_energy = "resources/retro_cost_{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
                         floor_area = "resources/floor_area_{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
             ),
-            output=['results/version-8/prenetworks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}__{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc']
+            output=['results/version-0/prenetworks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}__{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc']
         )
         import yaml
         with open('config.yaml', encoding='utf8') as f:
@@ -2150,11 +2150,10 @@ def get_parameter(item):
 
     print("adding CO2 budget limit as per unit of 1990 levels of",limit)
     add_co2limit(n, Nyears, limit)
-
-
+
     for o in opts:
         for tech in ["solar","onwind","offwind"]:
-            if tech in o:
+            if tech in o and "+" not in o:
                 limit = o[o.find(tech)+len(tech):]
                 limit = float(limit.replace("p",".").replace("m","-"))
                 print("changing potential for",tech,"by factor",limit)
@@ -2170,6 +2169,28 @@ def get_parameter(item):
 
     if snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_distribution_grid']:
         insert_electricity_distribution_grid(n)
+
+    for o in opts:
+        if "+" in o:
+            oo = o.split("+")
+            carrier_list=np.hstack((n.generators.carrier.unique(), n.links.carrier.unique(), 
+                                    n.stores.carrier.unique(), n.storage_units.carrier.unique()))            
+            suptechs = map(lambda c: c.split("-", 2)[0], carrier_list) 
+            if oo[0].startswith(tuple(suptechs)):
+                carrier = oo[0]
+                # handles only p_nom_max as stores and lines have no potentials
+                attr_lookup = {"p": "p_nom_max", "c": "capital_cost"}
+                attr = attr_lookup[oo[1][0]]
+                factor = float(oo[1][1:])
+                if carrier == "AC":  # lines do not have carrier
+                    n.lines[attr] *= factor
+                else:
+                    comps = {"Generator", "Link", "StorageUnit", "Store"}
+                    for c in n.iterate_components(comps):
+                        sel = c.df.carrier.str.contains(carrier)
+                        c.df.loc[sel,attr] *= factor
+                print("changing", attr ,"for",carrier,"by factor",factor)
+
     if snakemake.config["sector"]['gas_distribution_grid']:
         insert_gas_distribution_costs(n)
     if snakemake.config["sector"]['electricity_grid_connection']: