PERF-#4963: Use partition width/length methods instead of _compute_axis_labels_and_lengths if index is already known

[anmyachev]

Signed-off-by: Myachev anatoly.myachev@intel.com

What do these changes do?

• commit message follows format outlined here
• passes flake8 modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• passes black --check modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• signed commit with git commit -s
• Resolves PERF: _compute_axis_labels_and_lengths does extra work if the index is already known #4963
• tests added and passing
• module layout described at docs/development/architecture.rst is up-to-date
• added (Issue Number: PR title (PR Number)) and github username to release notes for next major release

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #4964 (a240e8f) into master (9fe020b) will increase coverage by 17.98%.
The diff coverage is 77.77%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4964       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   71.63%   89.61%   +17.98%     
===========================================
  Files         268      268               
  Lines       19737    20014      +277     
===========================================
+ Hits        14139    17936     +3797     
+ Misses       5598     2078     -3520     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
modin/core/dataframe/pandas/dataframe/dataframe.py	95.11% <77.77%> (+0.50%)	⬆️
...n/core/dataframe/algebra/default2pandas/default.py	86.56% <0.00%> (-11.65%)	⬇️
modin/logging/config.py	94.59% <0.00%> (-1.30%)	⬇️
...s/pandas_on_dask/partitioning/virtual_partition.py	89.71% <0.00%> (-0.94%)	⬇️
.../core/dataframe/algebra/default2pandas/__init__.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...core/dataframe/algebra/default2pandas/dataframe.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
modin/core/dataframe/algebra/default2pandas/any.py
modin/experimental/batch/test/test_pipeline.py	93.84% <0.00%> (ø)
modin/pandas/base.py	95.31% <0.00%> (+0.18%)	⬆️
modin/pandas/dataframe.py	91.48% <0.00%> (+0.21%)	⬆️
... and 77 more

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[mvashishtha]

LGTM @anmyachev , thank you!