[Popover] Use different transition event for style calculation

[vanyaxk]

• I have followed (at least) the PR section of the contributing guide.

Fixes #34236 by changing event for style calculation, also removed an effect to avoid unnecessary reflows, as the transition event callback handles it well enough

[mui-bot]

Details of bundle changes

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against 9dd62a9

[michaldudak]

Thanks for your contribution!
This fixes the problem indeed but also restores the problem described in #10595 and fixed in #19046. We need to update the position of the Popover when Select's options change. I'm not saying the previous solution was the best one (it sets the position on every update), so perhaps there's a better way to do it.

[michaldudak]

There's another PR that seems not to introduce (or bring back) any regressions: #34546. We're likely going to proceed with that one. Thanks for your work anyway and I'm looking forward to seeing more contributions from you :)