refactor($locale): use en-us as generic built-in locale

Previously there was a custom built en-us locale that was included with
angular.js. This made likely that it would get out of sync with the real
en-us locale that is generated from the closure library.

This change removes that custom one and uses the generated one instead.
This also has the benefit of preventing the unwanted caught error on trying
to load `ngLocale` during angular bootstrap.

Closes angular#12134
Closes angular#8174

Gruntfile.js

@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ module.exports = function(grunt) {
       },
       angular: {
         dest: 'build/angular.js',
-        src: util.wrap([files['angularSrc']], 'angular'),
+        src: util.wrap([files['angularSrc']], 'angular')
+                 .concat('src/ngLocale/angular-locale_en-us.js'),
         styles: {
           css: ['css/angular.css'],
           generateCspCssFile: true,

angularFiles.js

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ var angularFiles = {
     'src/ng/httpBackend.js',
     'src/ng/interpolate.js',
     'src/ng/interval.js',
-    'src/ng/locale.js',
     'src/ng/location.js',
     'src/ng/log.js',
     'src/ng/parse.js',
@@ -182,7 +181,8 @@ var angularFiles = {
     'src/publishExternalApis.js',
     '@angularSrcModules',
     '@angularScenario',
-    '@angularTest'
+    '@angularTest',
+    'src/ngLocale/angular-locale_en-us.js'  // we need an ngLocale module
   ],
 
   'karmaExclude': [
@@ -193,12 +193,13 @@ var angularFiles = {
 
   'karmaScenario': [
     'build/angular-scenario.js',
-    'build/docs/docs-scenario.js'
+    'build/docs/docs-scenario.js',
+    'src/ngLocale/angular-locale_en-us.js'  // we need an ngLocale module
   ],
 
   "karmaModules": [
     'build/angular.js',
-    '@angularSrcModules',
+    '@angularSrcModules',,
     'src/ngScenario/browserTrigger.js',
     'test/helpers/*.js',
     'test/ngMessageFormat/*.js',
@@ -208,7 +209,8 @@ var angularFiles = {
     'test/ngResource/*.js',
     'test/ngSanitize/**/*.js',
     'test/ngTouch/**/*.js',
-    'test/ngAria/*.js'
+    'test/ngAria/*.js',
+    'src/ngLocale/angular-locale_en-us.js'  // we need an ngLocale module
   ],
 
   'karmaJquery': [
@@ -218,7 +220,9 @@ var angularFiles = {
     'src/publishExternalApis.js',
     '@angularSrcModules',
     '@angularScenario',
-    '@angularTest'
+    '@angularTest',
+    'src/ngLocale/angular-locale_en-us.js'  // we need an ngLocale module
+
   ],
 
   'karmaJqueryExclude': [

docs/content/guide/i18n.ngdoc

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ directive}.  Additionally, you can use {@link guide/i18n#messageformat-extension
 `$interpolate` for localizable pluralization and gender support in all interpolations via the
 `ngMessageFormat` module.
 
-All localizable Angular components depend on locale-specific rule sets managed by the {@link
-ng.$locale `$locale` service}.
+All localizable Angular components depend on locale-specific rule sets managed by the
+{@link ngLocale `$locale` service}.
 
 There a few examples that showcase how to use Angular filters with various locale rule sets in the
 [`i18n/e2e` directory](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/tree/master/i18n/e2e) of the Angular
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ develop your app.
 ### Currency symbol
 
 Angular's {@link ng.filter:currency currency filter} allows you to use the default currency symbol
-from the {@link ng.$locale locale service}, or you can provide the filter with a custom currency
+from the {@link ngLocale `locale` service}, or you can provide the filter with a custom currency
 symbol.
 
 <div class="alert alert-success">

src/AngularPublic.js

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 /* global angularModule: true,
   version: true,
 
-  $LocaleProvider,
   $CompileProvider,
 
   htmlAnchorDirective,
@@ -150,11 +149,6 @@ function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
   });
 
   angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
-  try {
-    angularModule('ngLocale');
-  } catch (e) {
-    angularModule('ngLocale', []).provider('$locale', $LocaleProvider);
-  }
 
   angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
     function ngModule($provide) {

src/ngLocale/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ngLocale
+ *
+ * @description
+ * There is a different `ngLocale` module for each of the locales found in the closure library.
+ * See {@link i18n}
+ * Each module exposes a `$locale` service, which provides localization rules for various Angular components.
+ * Right now the only required property of the `$locale` service is:
+ *
+ * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
+ *
+ * But most locales expose a number of other useful members such as:
+ *
+ * * `DATETIME_FORMATS` property
+ * * `NUMBER_FORMATS` property
+ * * `pluralCat` member
+ */