Fix crashes with large positive and negative list multipliers

[correctmost]

Type of Changes

	Type
✓	🐛 Bug fix

Description

#2523 is causing coverage builds to fail on OSS-Fuzz (#2511 (comment))

Closes #2521
Closes #2523

References

Previous fix in this area: #2228

Python docs on list multiplication:

Values of n less than 0 are treated as 0 (which yields an empty sequence of the same type as s).
-- https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range

[correctmost]

It looks like there are cases where the length of filtered_elts could be less than the length of self.elts.

I wasn't sure if the length check should happen before or after filtering, given that the length max is already pretty large.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 93.19%. Comparing base (ba7df4a) to head (de82852).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2596   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   93.19%   93.19%           
=======================================
  Files          93       93           
  Lines       11052    11055    +3     
=======================================
+ Hits        10300    10303    +3     
  Misses        752      752           

Flag	Coverage Δ
linux	93.08% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
pypy	93.19% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
windows	93.17% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
astroid/protocols.py	89.85% <100.00%> (+0.07%)	⬆️

[DanielNoord]

Thanks!