Add unary operations minus and logical negation to kernel generator

[t4c1]

Summary

Adds unary operations (unary minus and logical negation) to kernel generator.

Tests

New operations are tested.

Side Effects

None.

Release notes

Added unary operations (unary minus and logical negation) to kernel generator.

Checklist

• Math issue Implement OpenCL kernel generator #1342

• Copyright holder: Tadej Ciglarič

  The copyright holder is typically you or your assignee, such as a university or company. By submitting this pull request, the copyright holder is agreeing to the license the submitted work under the following licenses:
  - Code: BSD 3-clause (https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
  - Documentation: CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

• the basic tests are passing

  • unit tests pass (to run, use: ./runTests.py test/unit)
  • header checks pass, (make test-headers)
  • dependencies checks pass, (make test-math-dependencies)
  • docs build, (make doxygen)
  • code passes the built in C++ standards checks (make cpplint)

• the code is written in idiomatic C++ and changes are documented in the doxygen

• the new changes are tested

[t4c1]

@serban-nicusor-toptal This PR has been reformated 3 times in a row. It seems there are still some differences in clang format, even if they are all nominally 6.0.0.

[serban-nicusor-toptal]

Hey, would it help if I spin up a machine and send you credentials maybe you can debug it ?
Or is there something I can do by myself to fix this?

[rok-cesnovar]

The difference is probably in the exact version:

See
auto-formatting by clang-format version 6.0.0 (tags/google/stable/2017-11-14
and
auto-formatting by clang-format version 6.0.0-1ubuntu2~16.04..1 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)

Can you check which one was the second one and see if we can put it on the same tag?

[serban-nicusor-toptal]

@rok-cesnovar auto-formatting by clang-format version 6.0.0-1ubuntu2~16.04..1 (tags/RELEASE_600/final) is the good one we need ?

[rok-cesnovar]

I am not an expert on this, but my hunch is that ye, aynthing with (tags/RELEASE_600/final) is good. The other one looks like a release candidate or a nightly build.

[serban-nicusor-toptal]

Okay thanks, on it.

[serban-nicusor-toptal]

Hmmh the job passed clang-format now.
It ran on ec2 both times #4 which formatted clang and #5 which ran after #4 formatting changes.

clang-format --version
clang-format version 6.0.0-1ubuntu2~16.04.1 (tags/RELEASE_600/final)

So I think what's causing issues is actually the legacy clang-format on gelman-mac seen in #3

+ clang-format --version
clang-format version 6.0.0 (tags/google/stable/2017-11-14)

Going to make a backup of the legacy clang-format on gelman-mac and try to update it to a newer 6.0.0 version.

---

This will take a little bit of time, I need to get sudo access on the machine. Sorry!

---

Edit: Done!

[stan-buildbot]

---

Name	Old Result	New Result	Ratio	Performance change( 1 - new / old )
gp_pois_regr/gp_pois_regr.stan	4.91	4.87	1.01	0.91% faster
low_dim_corr_gauss/low_dim_corr_gauss.stan	0.02	0.02	0.98	-1.72% slower
eight_schools/eight_schools.stan	0.09	0.09	1.0	-0.17% slower
gp_regr/gp_regr.stan	0.22	0.22	0.98	-1.62% slower
irt_2pl/irt_2pl.stan	6.48	6.43	1.01	0.81% faster
performance.compilation	88.22	87.04	1.01	1.34% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse/low_dim_gauss_mix_collapse.stan	7.64	7.52	1.02	1.57% faster
pkpd/one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	21.38	20.43	1.05	4.42% faster
sir/sir.stan	93.79	94.26	1.0	-0.5% slower
gp_regr/gen_gp_data.stan	0.05	0.05	1.0	0.43% faster
low_dim_gauss_mix/low_dim_gauss_mix.stan	2.95	2.96	1.0	-0.12% slower
pkpd/sim_one_comp_mm_elim_abs.stan	0.31	0.31	1.0	0.01% faster
arK/arK.stan	1.73	1.74	1.0	-0.1% slower
arma/arma.stan	0.65	0.65	0.99	-0.68% slower
garch/garch.stan	0.51	0.51	1.0	0.27% faster
Mean result: 1.00345906499

---

Jenkins Console Log
Blue Ocean
Commit hash: 2e9a962

---

Machine information

ProductName: Mac OS X ProductVersion: 10.11.6 BuildVersion: 15G22010

CPU:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1680 v2 @ 3.00GHz

G++:
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

Clang:
Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0
Thread model: posix

[SteveBronder]

lgtm! Once quick Q though, should this PR also include the macro for defining other unary ops?

[SteveBronder]

Does this get used somewhere else?

[t4c1]

I was planning to do a refactor that would make derived classes use operation_cl::arguments_ directely again instead of get_argument (possibly before this PR was merged). At the end I did not do it in this PR, but it is comming.

[t4c1]

About macro: this PR already adds both that make sense (I don't plan to support in place ones like ++). Custom functions can be added with the macros in unary_function_cl.hpp.