CLI: Run doctor at the end of upgrade

[JReinhold]

Works on #25293

What I did

Checklist for Contributors

Testing

The changes in this PR are covered in the following automated tests:

• stories
• unit tests
• integration tests
• end-to-end tests

Manual testing

1. Create a sandbox with the stable version using npx storybook@latest sandbox --branch main
2. Install dependencies
3. Upgrade using this canary with npx storybook@X upgrade
4. See warnings from doctor.

This section is mandatory for all contributions. If you believe no manual test is necessary, please state so explicitly. Thanks!

Documentation

• Add or update documentation reflecting your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Checklist for Maintainers

• When this PR is ready for testing, make sure to add ci:normal, ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it to run a specific set of sandboxes. The particular set of sandboxes can be found in code/lib/cli/src/sandbox-templates.ts

• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below:

  Available labels

  • bug: Internal changes that fixes incorrect behavior.
  • maintenance: User-facing maintenance tasks.
  • dependencies: Upgrading (sometimes downgrading) dependencies.
  • build: Internal-facing build tooling & test updates. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • cleanup: Minor cleanup style change. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • documentation: Documentation only changes. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • feature request: Introducing a new feature.
  • BREAKING CHANGE: Changes that break compatibility in some way with current major version.
  • other: Changes that don't fit in the above categories.

🦋 Canary release

This PR does not have a canary release associated. You can request a canary release of this pull request by mentioning the @storybookjs/core team here.

core team members can create a canary release here or locally with gh workflow run --repo storybookjs/storybook canary-release-pr.yml --field pr=<PR_NUMBER>

[github-actions]

	Fails
🚫	PR is not labeled with one of: ["cleanup","BREAKING CHANGE","feature request","bug","documentation","maintenance","build","dependencies"]
🚫	PR is not labeled with one of: ["ci:normal","ci:merged","ci:daily","ci:docs"]

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against b576e9d

[storybook-bot]

Failed to publish canary version of this pull request, triggered by @JReinhold. See the failed workflow run at: https://github.com/storybookjs/storybook/actions/runs/7532989118