feat(compat): update patch for typescript 4.4

[merceyz]

What's the problem this PR addresses?

• The PnP patch for TypeScript doesn't apply to typescript@>=4.4.1-rc
• To quote the test file:

The PnP patch returned the packageLocation with a trailing `/` which
caused TypeScript to calculate the `subModuleName` incorrectly[1].
This caused different files where only the first character of their
basename was different to end up with the same packageIdKey[2].
In this test the affected files were
@types/lodash-es/find.d.ts -> @types/lodash-es/ind.d.ts@4.17.4
@types/lodash-es/bind.d.ts -> @types/lodash-es/ind.d.ts@4.17.4

1: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/98866a5a740b487c20046d4ffaa36aa1f202dde9/src/compiler/moduleNameResolver.ts#L20
2: https://github.com/arcanis/TypeScript/blob/36225c32609137d29008e9d3ecf48c6f51456eb5/src/compiler/program.ts#L2625

• The references patch doesn't preserve paths when resolving virtuals and assumes everything points to a package root

Fixes #3058
Fixes #3231
Fixes #3117
Fixes #3350
Fixes #3262
Closes #3275
Closes arcanis/TypeScript#10

How did you fix it?

• Rebased Native support for PnP microsoft/TypeScript#35206 onto the 4.4.1-rc release
• Strip the trailing slash (merceyz/TypeScript@98866a5)
• Preserve the path after the packageLocation (merceyz/TypeScript@3f4e151)

Checklist

• I have read the Contributing Guide.
• I have set the packages that need to be released for my changes to be effective.
• I will check that all automated PR checks pass before the PR gets reviewed.

[merceyz]

Failing CI will be fixed by #3315

[sushruth]

Looking forward to this fix! this helps many projects based on nx.

[SimenB]

Will this be backported to v2? I have a bunch of projects which still supports node 10

[sushruth]

This may have broken some base scenarios - https://github.com/sushruth/simple

here is a simple repro repo which imports react and console logs it. TSC finds that erroneous like so -

[merceyz]

It didn't, see #3350 (comment)

[sushruth]

@merceyz still fails. It fails for all packages which have typings included too. Added immer to show this -

[merceyz]

Read the rest of the comments in the issue I linked please

[sushruth]

@merceyz my bad. Thanks!

[arcanis]

Will this be backported to v2? I have a bunch of projects which still supports node 10

@SimenB yes, I'm in the process of cherry-picking it on 2.4; I'll have to afk, but I'll make sure it gets released tomorrow.

[SimenB]

Awesome, thanks! 🎉

[arcanis]

Released 2.4.3

[SimenB]

Thanks! Can confirm it works 👍

[mrienstra]

These changes were released in 3.0.2: @yarnpkg/cli/3.0.2, @yarnpkg/pnp/3.0.2, @yarnpkg/plugin-pnp/3.0.2.
(Old news, just adding for the convenience of others)