fix: Split stores per component and split merkle tree operations

[spalladino]

This PR packs two changesets:

1. Spins off a MerkleTreeAdminOperations from MerkleTreeOperations, to have an interface that does not expose methods that commit changes to the underlying store. World state now exposes a method to get an ephemeralFork without these operations, that can be used for answering public simulation requests. Note that we do not yet enforce that no changes go into the store, that requires more changes to have "readonly" versions of the trees and store all the way down.
2. Moves creation of the underlying data store to the factory of each component, so each creates a new db as needed, instead of sharing a single one. This allows to keep separate db files for p2p, archive, and world state. As a bonus, it makes forking world state cheaper.

[AztecBot]

Benchmark results

Metrics with a significant change:

• protocol_circuit_simulation_time_in_ms (private-kernel-tail-to-public): 1,400 (+80%)
• avm_simulation_time_ms (FeeJuice:_increase_public_balance): 165 (+245%)
• avm_simulation_time_ms (Token:assert_minter_and_mint): 63.6 (+34%)

Detailed results

All benchmarks are run on txs on the Benchmarking contract on the repository. Each tx consists of a batch call to create_note and increment_balance, which guarantees that each tx has a private call, a nested private call, a public call, and a nested public call, as well as an emitted private note, an unencrypted log, and public storage read and write.

This benchmark source data is available in JSON format on S3 here.

Proof generation

Each column represents the number of threads used in proof generation.

Metric	1 threads	4 threads	16 threads	32 threads	64 threads
proof_construction_time_sha256_ms	5,759	1,561	709	753 (-1%)	769 (-1%)
proof_construction_time_sha256_30_ms	11,479 (-1%)	3,076	1,375	1,443 (+1%)	1,459
proof_construction_time_sha256_100_ms	44,034	11,805	5,412	5,400	5,652 (-5%)
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_ms	78.0	34.0	34.0	59.0 (+4%)	89.0
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_30_ms	1,527	422	202	223	267 (-1%)
proof_construction_time_poseidon_hash_100_ms	5,636	1,510	673	728	742

L2 block published to L1

Each column represents the number of txs on an L2 block published to L1.

Metric	4 txs	8 txs	16 txs
l1_rollup_calldata_size_in_bytes	4,356	7,876	14,884
l1_rollup_calldata_gas	50,268	93,012	178,132
l1_rollup_execution_gas	845,602	1,579,242	3,364,418
l2_block_processing_time_in_ms	260 (+2%)	462 (+5%)	828 (+2%)
l2_block_building_time_in_ms	11,369	22,384	44,461
l2_block_rollup_simulation_time_in_ms	11,368	22,383	44,461
l2_block_public_tx_process_time_in_ms	9,671	20,678	42,705

L2 chain processing

Each column represents the number of blocks on the L2 chain where each block has 8 txs.

Metric	3 blocks	5 blocks
node_history_sync_time_in_ms	3,111 (+5%)	4,019 (+5%)
node_database_size_in_bytes	12,439,792 (-2%)	16,421,104 (-2%)
pxe_database_size_in_bytes	16,254	26,813

Circuits stats

Stats on running time and I/O sizes collected for every kernel circuit run across all benchmarks.

Circuit	simulation_time_in_ms	witness_generation_time_in_ms	input_size_in_bytes	output_size_in_bytes	proving_time_in_ms
private-kernel-init	95.7 (+4%)	392 (+1%)	21,474	44,898	N/A
private-kernel-inner	175 (-2%)	677	72,411	45,020	N/A
private-kernel-reset-tiny	307 (-2%)	692 (-1%)	65,240	44,886	N/A
private-kernel-tail	168 (+1%)	131 (+1%)	50,608	52,921	N/A
base-parity	5.55	N/A	160	96.0	N/A
root-parity	35.1	N/A	73,948	96.0	N/A
base-rollup	2,744 (-1%)	N/A	189,161	664	N/A
block-root-rollup	41.2	N/A	58,205	2,448	N/A
public-kernel-setup	85.4 (+1%)	N/A	105,085	71,222	N/A
public-kernel-app-logic	96.9 (-1%)	N/A	104,903	71,222	N/A
public-kernel-tail	855	N/A	390,582	16,414	N/A
private-kernel-reset-small	309	N/A	66,341	45,629	N/A
private-kernel-tail-to-public	⚠️ 1,400 (+80%)	590	455,400	1,825	N/A
public-kernel-teardown	86.4 (+3%)	N/A	105,349	71,222	N/A
merge-rollup	20.2 (+1%)	N/A	38,174	664	N/A
undefined	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	86,444 (+6%)

Stats on running time collected for app circuits

Function	input_size_in_bytes	output_size_in_bytes	witness_generation_time_in_ms
ContractClassRegisterer:register	1,344	11,731	339 (-1%)
ContractInstanceDeployer:deploy	1,408	11,731	18.2
MultiCallEntrypoint:entrypoint	1,920	11,731	403
FeeJuice:deploy	1,376	11,731	383 (-3%)
SchnorrAccount:constructor	1,312	11,731	73.0
SchnorrAccount:entrypoint	2,336	11,731	383
FeeJuice:claim	1,344	11,731	36.2 (-1%)
Token:privately_mint_private_note	1,280	11,731	104 (-2%)
FPC:fee_entrypoint_public	1,344	11,731	25.7 (-2%)
Token:transfer	1,312	11,731	220
Benchmarking:create_note	1,344	11,731	84.3
SchnorrAccount:verify_private_authwit	1,280	11,731	27.4 (-1%)
Token:unshield	1,376	11,731	519
FPC:fee_entrypoint_private	1,376	11,731	705 (+1%)

AVM Simulation

Time to simulate various public functions in the AVM.

Function	time_ms	bytecode_size_in_bytes
FeeJuice:_increase_public_balance	⚠️ 165 (+245%)	8,174
FeeJuice:set_portal	11.0 (+2%)	4,055
Token:constructor	82.6 (-6%)	29,082
FPC:constructor	53.6 (-4%)	18,940
FeeJuice:check_balance	38.7 (+1%)	5,978
Token:mint_public	319 (+2%)	12,704
Token:assert_minter_and_mint	⚠️ 63.6 (+34%)	8,467
AuthRegistry:set_authorized	55.1 (+17%)	4,194
FPC:prepare_fee	242 (-8%)	6,747
Token:transfer_public	28.4 (+5%)	39,863
FPC:pay_refund	59.2 (+9%)	9,398
Benchmarking:increment_balance	1,220	7,263
Token:_increase_public_balance	40.8 (-7%)	8,686
FPC:pay_refund_with_shielded_rebate	63.4 (+3%)	9,881

Public DB Access

Time to access various public DBs.

Function	time_ms
get-nullifier-index	0.165 (+3%)

Tree insertion stats

The duration to insert a fixed batch of leaves into each tree type.

Metric	1 leaves	16 leaves	64 leaves	128 leaves	256 leaves	512 leaves	1024 leaves
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_ms	2.20 (+2%)	3.93 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_hash_count	16.8	31.7	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_16_depth_hash_ms	0.114 (+3%)	0.110 (+1%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	11.3 (+2%)	18.6 (+7%)	32.0 (+4%)	61.6 (+7%)	117 (+3%)
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	95.9	159	287	543	1,055
batch_insert_into_append_only_tree_32_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.108 (+2%)	0.108 (+7%)	0.104 (+4%)	0.106 (+7%)	0.104 (+2%)
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	14.7 (+2%)	26.8 (+5%)	45.4 (+4%)	86.0 (+6%)	171 (+6%)
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	108	207	355	691	1,363
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_20_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.113 (+2%)	0.109 (+5%)	0.110 (+4%)	0.107 (+6%)	0.108 (+6%)
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_ms	N/A	N/A	16.8 (+3%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_hash_count	N/A	N/A	131	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
batch_insert_into_indexed_tree_40_depth_hash_ms	N/A	N/A	0.109 (+3%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Miscellaneous

Transaction sizes based on how many contract classes are registered in the tx.

Metric	0 registered classes	1 registered classes
tx_size_in_bytes	64,838	668,997

Transaction size based on fee payment method

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