makefiles: fix -nostartfiles and up to C++20

Presence of __dso_handle signal has been solved in RIOT by PR 20348.
Thus removal of -nostartfiles option is no more necessary.
Also bump C++ version to C++20.

[1] RIOT-OS/RIOT#20348

Makefile.include

@@ -49,6 +49,14 @@ MCUFW_MODULE_DIRS = " \
 shell_module_dirs = $(wildcard $(MCUFW_MODULE_DIRS:%=$(MCUFIRMWAREBASE)/%/*/shell_*/.))
 EXTERNAL_MODULE_DIRS += $(MCUFW_MODULE_DIRS:%=$(MCUFIRMWAREBASE)/%/) $(shell_module_dirs:%=%/..)
 
+# Use C++20 by default
+tmp_cxxexflags := $(CXXEXFLAGS)
+CXXEXFLAGS = $(filter-out -std=%, $(tmp_cxxexflags))
+CXXEXFLAGS += -std=c++20
+CXXEXFLAGS += -Wno-pedantic
+CXXEXFLAGS += -Wno-cast-align
+CXXEXFLAGS += -fno-use-cxa-atexit
+
 # Export mcu-firmware global variables
 include $(MCUFIRMWAREBASE)/makefiles/global_vars.mk.inc
 
@@ -88,18 +96,9 @@ else
 	CFLAGS += -D"MALLINFO_FUNC()=mallinfo()"
 endif
 
-# Use C++14 by default
-tmp_cxxexflags := $(CXXEXFLAGS)
-CXXEXFLAGS = $(filter-out -std=%, $(tmp_cxxexflags))
-CXXEXFLAGS += -std=c++17
-CXXEXFLAGS += -Wno-pedantic
-CXXEXFLAGS += -Wno-cast-align
-
 # Activate asserts debug
 CFLAGS += -DDEBUG_ASSERT_VERBOSE
 
-LINKFLAGS:=$(filter-out -nostartfiles,$(LINKFLAGS))
-
 # Link to librt for timer_* functions definitions
 ifeq ($(CPU),native)
 	LINKFLAGS += -lrt