Sage 10.3 Release Tour
Sage 10.3 was released on Mar 19, 2024. A newer stable version is available: See the Sage 10.4 Release Tour.
Here is an overview of some of the main changes in this version.
JupyterLab is now a standard package. Start it using ./sage -n jupyterlab. #36129
The Jupyter Notebook (./sage -n jupyter) has been upgraded to version 7.0.6 (changelog), which is now also based on JupyterLab technology. #36129
Among the new features of Notebook 7:
- A new debugger,
- support for real-time collaboration, and
- a responsive layout for viewing on mobile devices.
IPython has been upgraded from 8.6 to 8.18.1 (changelog). Highlights include improved auto-suggestions. #36129
Sage developers may be interested in the API for dynamic documentation dispatch and support for PEP-678 Exception Notes. #36129 #36823
Several new methods are available for matroids: automorphism_group(), girth(), is_paving(), is_sparse_paving(). #36962 #37145
Matroids constructed using Matroid(circuits=[...]) are now backed by a new class CircuitsMatroid, which avoids the potentially costly conversion to a BasisMatroid. The circuits description can be very succinct and can facilitate efficient implementations of some algorithms. #37148 #37338
The catalog of available matroids has been reorganized and expanded. #36842 #37140 #37231
The additions include:
- Brettell's collection of "interesting matroids", which fills some gaps in the matroids found in the appendix of Oxley's Matroid Theory, and
- Matsumoto's Database of Matroids, which has been made available as the PyPI package matroid-database.
NetworkX has been upgraded from version 3.1 to 3.2.1 (release notes 3.2, 3.2.1). #36750
igraph has been upgraded to 0.10.8 and the corresponding package python_igraph to 0.11.3. #36750
nauty has been upgraded to version 2.8.8 (changelog), which is now also the minimum required version if nauty is taken from the system. #36771 #36774 #36924
LatticePolytope.normal_form() now uses a cythonized re-implementation of the PALP normal form algorithm in Sage as the default algorithm. It replaces the use of the PALP package for this purpose, which had long been known to be unreliable for dimension greater than 3. The algorithm is now also available as a method for Polyhedron objects. #36031
polymake, the open source software for research in polyhedral geometry, has been upgraded from 4.9 to 4.11 (change log 4.10, 4.11), which improves Perl compatibility by adding support for version 5.38. #36878
- There is now a generic
has_order()function for group elements. #36806 - The
ProductTreeclass now has a.interpolation()method, which computes an inverse to.remainders(). #36456 - Lazy series now support infinite sums and products #35362, integration #36233 and have been enhanced in various other ways.
- Ideals of non-maximal orders in number fields are now supported. #35762
- Class groups of (definite) binary quadratic forms are now available. #36184 #37074
- Elliptic-curve morphisms now have a specialized parent object. #36972
- Sums of elliptic-curve morphisms are now available. #36637
- Classical modular polynomials can now be obtained by simply calling
classical_modular_polynomial(l). #36190 - The
.division_field()method for elliptic curves now supports composite orders. #35936 - Bröker's algorithm to construct supersingular elliptic curves is now available. #36665
- There are now methods to compute an isogeny kernel polynomial from an irreducible divisor or an irrational point. #37125
- computing the number of integer vectors modulo the action of a permutation group now uses the Pólya cycle index theorem and is therefore much faster #36814
- Tabloid modules
$T^{\lambda}$ and Specht modules as submodules of$T^{\lambda}$ for the symmetric group are now implemented for straight shapes. #36748 - Auslander-Reiten quivers can be constructed #37182
- The optional package
database_knotinfohas been updated from2023.6.1to2024.2.1(see #37014). Now, this is the first compatible version giving access to knots with 13 crossings.
- Submodules with an indexed basis can now compute intersections, sums, and equality. #36988
- 0 dimensional modules now know they have one element (generically). #36985
- Filtered modules can compute their Hilbert series. [#37015](https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/
- Implemented the Aomoto complex of the Orlik-Solomon algebra. #37015
- Representations of Lie algebras defined by an explicit morphism are implemented. #36169
- The Chevalley-Eilenberg complex can now be constructed with coefficients in a module. #36171
- Multiple methods to compute the dimensions and representations of symmetric group over positive characteristic:
- Lazy series can now perform integration and be constructed from the Taylor series of a function. #36233
Please read our updated Sage Developer Guide.
In docstrings, reference to a GitHub Issue (or a PR) is made with :issue:. Thus write :issue:`12345`, for example. Old :trac: were all replaced with :issue:. In code comments, write like Issue #12345 (note the capital I). #37390
The "Build & Test" workflow on GitHub Actions, which runs automatically on every PR, now shows any doctest failures and warnings next to the doctest in the "Files changed" tab. This is similar to Codecov annotations. #36938
Doctest failures in unmodified files appear at the end, in the section "Unchanged files with check annotations".
Sage now builds its PDF documentation using the modern TeX engine LuaTeX. See the updated Sage Installation Guide section on the required system packages. #36861
This removes most restrictions regarding the use of unicode in documentation and doctests.
This change enables renewed translation efforts for the Sage documentation.
Sphinx has been upgraded to 7. #37129 #37334
The directory .devcontainer/ now contains dev container configurations for all Linux platforms for which we build Docker containers on GitHub Actions. This allows them to be selected in VS Code (with the Dev Containers extension) and on GitHub when creating GitHub Codespaces. #36954
The section on portability testing in the Sage Developer Guide now shows a table with links to GitHub Packages and friendly "Open in GitHub Codespaces" buttons.
Another new dev container configuration "tox-docker-in-docker" enables portability work in GitHub Codespaces via Docker-in-Docker, which may be valuable for those developers who cannot run Docker on their own computers.
Updating the Linux platforms that we test is made easier by the new command tox -e update_docker_platforms. #36954
It is now possible to mark doctests with tags # known bug: macos and # known bug: linux. #36989
sage --package metrics is a new tool to compute machine-readable aggregated metrics for all packages in the Sage distribution or a given list of packages. Developers can use these metrics to monitor the complexity and quality of the Sage distribution. Thus this tool can assist discussions of the Sage distribution. #36977
In PRs that make changes to packages, the command also runs automatically in "List changed packages" on GitHub Actions. For example, for PR #37129, the workflow shows the following changes to the package metrics:
# develop | # refs/pull/37129/merge
has_file_distros_arch_txt=181 (
has_file_distros_conda_txt=289 (
has_file_distros_debian_txt=172 (
has_file_distros_fedora_txt=183 (
has_file_distros_gentoo_txt=211 (
has_file_distros_homebrew_txt=95 (
has_file_distros_macports_txt=173 (
has_file_distros_nix_txt=72 (
has_file_distros_opensuse_txt=206 (
has_file_distros_slackware_txt=32 (
has_file_distros_void_txt=221 (
has_file_patches=63 (
has_file_spkg_check=106 (
has_file_spkg_configure_m4=263 (
has_file_spkg_install=322 | has_file_spkg_install=303
has_tarball_upstream_url=295 | has_tarball_upstream_url=296
line_count_file_patches=31853 (
line_count_file_spkg_check=585 (
line_count_file_spkg_configure_m4=3352 (
line_count_file_spkg_install=4326 | line_count_file_spkg_install=4281
packages=444 (
type_base=1 (
type_experimental=18 (
type_optional=152 (
type_standard=273 (
The new commands sage --package dependencies and sage --package properties also have convenient interactive uses for developers. The main purpose of these new commands, however, is to replace all direct access to the files in the build/pkgs/*/ directories in our build scripts. #37018 #37350
When sage --package create is used on an existing package to re-create it with a different source type, it now deletes files that do not make sense for the new source type. For example, when switching from a pip package to wheel, it removes the requirements.txt file. When switching from normal to wheel, it removes the spkg-install.in file. #37352
The filenames of tarballs and upstream URLs of packages can now refer to the components of the package version. For example, the package nauty now uses https://pallini.di.uniroma1.it/nauty${VERSION_MAJOR}_${VERSION_MINOR}_${VERSION_MICRO}.tar.gz. This simplifies making package updates. #36774
Modularization tooling: sage --fixdistributions
This is a new maintenance command for adding/updating # sage_setup: distribution directives
at the top of source files. #36135
The Cython *.pxd files for the FLINT library are now autogenerated. #36449
Since the 10.2 release cycle, the Sage CI on GitHub Actions applies open pull requests with "blocker" priority as patches ("CI fixes"). By default, these blocker PRs come from the main Sage repository sagemath/sage. This can now be customized: When a repository variable SAGE_CI_FIXES_FROM_REPOSITORIES is set in a fork, it is used instead as the source(s) of the CI fixes; this gives better control in decentralized development. When set to none, this also makes it possible to see the "ground truth". #36686
Python 3.12 has been available since October 2023; its release highlights include more helpful error messages. Sage 10.3 adds support for using a system installation of Python 3.12. The oldest version of Python that Sage supports is still 3.9, which sets the language/library standard for any code in the Sage library. When no suitable system installation of Python is found, Sage builds its own copy of Python; the version it uses for this is Python 3.11.1. #36983 #37270
FLINT, the Fast Library for Number Theory, has been upgraded from 2.9.0 to the new major version 3 (release notes 3.0.0, 3.0.1). The new version has absorbed the functionality of the libraries Arb (the basis for RealBallField and ComplexBallField in Sage) and Antic (functionality for algebraic number fields and binary quadratic forms, so far not directly used by the Sage library), as well as Calcium (for exact real and complex arithmetic, including transcendental extensions, so far not used by the Sage library). #35848 #36901 #36930 #36449 #37193
Sage 10.2 made the switch to Cython 3, but several optional packages had not been ready at the time of the release. Two of them have now been updated: CyLP #36439, Symengine #36677 #36847
Cython has been upgraded to 3.0.7. #36785 #36928
gmp 6.3.0, mpc 1.3.1, mpfr 4.2.1, mpfrcx 0.6.3, gmpy2 2.2.0a1 #36351
NumPy has been upgraded from 1.26.1 to 1.26.3 (release notes 1.26.2, 1.26.3) and SciPy from 1.11.3 to 1.11.4 (release notes). #36752 #37000
OpenBLAS has been upgraded from 0.3.25 to 0.3.26 (release notes). #37005
CVXpy 1.4.1, SCS 3.2.3, osqp_python 0.6.3, CVXOPT 1.3.2, CyLP 0.92.2, add clarabel solver https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/36439
GAP can now be taken from the system. #36792
Newer versions of Givaro, FFLAS-FFPACK, LinBox can now be taken from the system. #36997
QEPCAD B 1.74 #36835
ECL has been upgraded to version 23.9.9. #37044
Meson has been upgraded to 1.3.1. #37319
For a list of all packages and their versions, see
The sage-spkg command now offers several new switches that invoke build phases of SPKGs separately. It now also handles script packages. #36738 #36743 #36747
The doctester, when run during the build, now uses gnumake-tokenpool to manage its use of multiple CPUs. #36640 #36948
Several of SageMath's distribution packages have been updated to define project metadata in pyproject.toml, following PEP 621, instead of in setup.cfg or setup.py. #36562 #36563 #36564
An effort to port a subset of SageMath to Pyodide, the Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly, has started early in 2024. #34539
Several upstream projects that Sage uses already have ongoing Pyodide or WASM/Emscripten efforts: The SymPy Live Shell and the interactive shell on the NumPy.org front page use JupyterLite, running Pyodide in a Web Worker in the browser. Also PARI/GP runs in the browser using a WASM/Emscripten port. Giac also has an Emscripten port.
The stable Pyodide version 0.25.0 was shipping some packages needed for Sage already: boost, glpk, gmpy2, matplotlib, networkx, numpy, and scipy. The upcoming Pyodide version 0.26.0 will add cysignals, pplpy, flint, memory_allocator, primecountpy.
The porting effort is enabled by the modularization of the Sage library. The basic modularized distributions sagemath-objects and sagemath-categories only depend on the already available gmpy2. The immediate next step is to make the test suite of sagemath-categories pass. After this, the modularized distributions added in #35095 can be separately ported to Pyodide (along with their respective dependencies) and tested. For example, sagemath-graphs has no new dependencies.
Please read our updated Sage Installation Guide.
The source code is available in the Sage GitHub repository.
Sage builds successfully on the following platforms:
-
Linux 64-bit (x86_64)
- ubuntu-{trusty-toolchain-gcc_9, xenial-toolchain-gcc_9, bionic-gcc_8, focal, jammy, lunar, mantic}
- debian-{buster-gcc_spkg, bullseye, bookworm, trixie, sid}
- linuxmint-{20.1, 20.2, 21, 21.1, 21.2}
- fedora-{30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39}
- centos-{7-devtoolset-gcc_11, stream-8-python3.9, stream-9-python3.9}
- archlinux
- gentoo
- opensuse-{15.3-gcc_11-python3.9, 15.4-gcc_11-python3.10, 15.5-gcc_11-python3.11, tumbleweed}
-
Linux 32-bit (i386/i686)
- ubuntu-bionic-gcc_8
- debian-bullseye
-
macOS (Intel) (x86_64) - with Homebrew or without
- macOS 11.x (Big Sur)
- macOS 12.x (Monterey)
- macOS 13.x (Ventura)
- macOS 14.x (Sonoma)
-
macOS (Apple Silicon, M1/M2) - with Homebrew or without
- Make sure that
/usr/localdoes not contain an old copy of homebrew (or other software) for x86_64 that you may have copied from an old machine. Homebrew for the M1/M2 is installed in/opt/homebrew, not/usr/local. - Be sure to follow the README and the instructions that the
./configurecommand issues regarding the installation of system packages from Homebrew or conda.
- Make sure that
You can also build Sage on top of conda-forge on Linux and macOS.
Sage 10.x does not support Cygwin; use Windows Subsystem for Linux instead. The support code for Cygwin has been removed in the Sage 10.3 development cycle. Users on Windows 10 and 11 should migrate to using WSL as described in our installation guide. A convenient way to use such an installation of Sage is via VS Code's Dev Containers or WSL remote.
Thanks to the work of downstream packagers, Sage 10.3 is already available in Arch Linux, Void Linux, and nixpkgs (unstable), as well as a Homebrew Cask (which installs the Sage_macOS application bundle from the 3-manifolds project). See https://repology.org/project/sagemath/versions
On macOS with the newest Xcode Command Line Tools (gcc --version shows "Apple clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)"), the Sage library fails to build. Workaround: Use #37646
On ubuntu-mantic, the Maxima package may fail to build when system ECL is in use. Workaround: Use ./configure --without-system-ecl #36672
OpenJPEG 2.5.1 is broken and leads to a build failure in Pillow. Upgrade OpenJPEG to 2.5.2 or use #37505 as a workaround.
No latex display in the Jupyter notebook when offline. Workaround: Use ./sage -pip uninstall jupyterlab-mathjax2. #36914
The optional package PySCIPOpt does not build. Workaround: Use ./sage -pip install pyscipopt or use #37392
See README.md in the source distribution for installation instructions.
Visit sage-support for installation help.