* Limit initial OpenBLAS thread count

We set OpenBLAS's initial thread count to `1` to prevent runaway
allocation within OpenBLAS's initial thread startup.  LinearAlgebra will
later call `BLAS.set_num_threads()` to the actual value we require.

* Support older names

(cherry picked from commit 58b559f)

)

(cherry picked from commit fe81138)

…t op (#47499)

(cherry picked from commit 5f256e7)

This has probably been wrong for a long time (since being introduced in 7908246).

(cherry picked from commit b369511)

(cherry picked from commit bba41d4)

* Update doc/src/base/sort.md

* Update docs: The default sorting alg. is stable

* Compat 1.9 for QuickSort to be stable

* Specify the default algorithm

* Use example from InlineStrings.jl

* Change example to jldoctest

* Remove "*appear* to be stable." as slightly misleading.

Co-authored-by: Lilith Orion Hafner <lilithhafner@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit c5fe17b)

checksums updated via approach described in #47174.

(cherry picked from commit 5996520)

(cherry picked from commit 4fa07cd)

Fixes `make -C deps getall`

(cherry picked from commit 3200219)

Fixes #47502

(cherry picked from commit 27ebaa7)

* Remove typeinfer lock altogether

* Don't remove the typeinf lock functions

* Track reentrancy in current task state

* Fix up some git status

* Initialize task variables

* Promise that jl_typeinf_func is rooted somewhere

(cherry picked from commit 113efb6)

(cherry picked from commit 726bbd7)

The command-line program `rm` has no problem deleting an empty directory
that we do not have listing permissions on, so we should follow suit.

Example:

```
mktempdir() do dir
    mkpath("$(dir)/foo")
    chmod("$(dir)/foo", 0o200)
    rm(dir; recursive=true)
end
```

(cherry picked from commit d0a211a)

Fixup for #46764

(cherry picked from commit 02aa0b0)

* Add test/gcext to out-of-tree
* Disable gcext test that uses jl_gc_internal_obj_base_ptr

(cherry picked from commit 5495b8d)

(cherry picked from commit 7514bcf)

Co-authored-by: N5N3 <2642243996@qq.com>
(cherry picked from commit 902e8a7)

* Add support for "glue packages" to code loading

This allows packages to define "glue packages" which
are modules that are automatically loaded when
a set of other packages are loaded into the Julia
session.

(cherry picked from commit 495a004)

Co-authored-by: Dilum Aluthge <dilum@aluthge.com>
(cherry picked from commit db00cc1)

* Fix and simplify inference timing logic

* Reduce task struct size

(cherry picked from commit 88a0627)

Fixes #47625

(cherry picked from commit 3f9409c)

This code was introduced by me back in #31025 to speed up evaluation
of generated functions that didn't make use of all of their arguments to
make generation decisions. However, it neglected to take into account the
possibility that the generator could be varargs. As a result, an unfortunate
coincidence of an unused slot in the correct position could have allowed
expansion of generators that were not supposed to be expandable. This can
cause incorrect inference with all the usual consequences. However, fortunately
this coincidence appears to be pretty rare.

Fixes JuliaDebug/CassetteOverlay.jl#12

(cherry picked from commit 328dd57)

Adapts to the final version of the constrained/available memory APIs.

(cherry picked from commit 41b73e2)

Based on https://github.com/google/benchmark/blob/main/src/cycleclock.h

(cherry picked from commit 060a492)

In looking at a TSAN report recently, I noticed that globals were
getting stored as atomic-unordered (since c92ab5e #44182), instead
of atomic-release as intended (since
46135df #45484).

(cherry picked from commit f4534d1)

This fixes some issues around macro hygiene in `global` expressions.
Apparently we always treat l-values in global expressions as being
escaped, but we still need to be careful to handle type annotations and
destructuring correctly.

(cherry picked from commit cc25a13)

* create an internal `_sort!` function and use it (rename the existing `_sort!` to `__sort!`)

* test for several of bugs that slipped through test suite

* Give each sorting pass and DEFAULT_STABLE a docstring

* add pretty printing for the new algorithms that are much more flexible than the old ones

* fix unexpected allocations in Radix Sort

fixes #47474
in this PR rather than separate to avoid dealing with the merge

* support and test backwards compatibility with packages that depend in sorting internals

* support 3-, 5-, and 6-argument sort! for backwards compatibility

* overhall scratch space handling

make _sort! return scratch space rather than sorted vector
so that things like IEEEFloatOptimization can re-use the
scratch space allocated on their first recursive call

* test handling -0.0 in IEEEFloatOptimization

* fix and test bug where countsort's correct overflow behavior triggers error due to unexpected promotion to UInt

(cherry picked from commit cee0a04)

)

(cherry picked from commit 327b7ac)

(cherry picked from commit 0feaf5c)

This should prevent LinearAlgebra from trying to increase our OpenBLAS
thread count in its `__init__()` method when we're not trying to enable
threaded BLAS.

(cherry picked from commit a8b3994)

* Add native julia rem

Co-authored-by: Alex Arslan <ararslan@comcast.net>
(cherry picked from commit cf5ae03)

(cherry picked from commit de4f1c3)

This unifies two serializers, `dump.c` (used for packages)
and `staticdata.c` (used for system images). It adopts the
`staticdata` strategy, adding support for external linkage,
uniquing of MethodInstances & types, method extensions,
external specializations, and invalidation. This lays the
groundwork for native code caching as done with system images.

Co-authored-by: Valentin Churavy <v.churavy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jameson Nash <vtjnash@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Holy <tim.holy@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit cbfdb3f)

Co-authored-by: Tim Holy <tim.holy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Max Horn <max@quendi.de>
(cherry picked from commit e06a591)

(cherry picked from commit 5a6c808)

The `Symbol` constructor in boot.jl was not using the unsafe_convert mechanism,
becuase it is unavailable at this point in bootstrap. However, it was also not
GC-rooting the string some other way, resulting in potential memory corruption.
Fix that by manually inlining the :foreigncall and setting up the root
appropriately.

(cherry picked from commit b5a6b0f)

(cherry picked from commit 4ff6288)

* add test demonstrating overflow in countsort

* fix overflow in countsort

* remove unnecessary type annotations (fixes tests)

This fixes the test failure because it allows for automatic conversion.
The manual for implementing the AbstractArray interface also does not recomend
a type signature for the value arg in setindex!.

Co-authored-by: Lilith Hafner <Lilith.Hafner@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 965bc7d)

This behaved a bit differently than Base.rewrap_unionall, which meant it
might make types like `Any where T` from `supertype(struct A{T} <: Any)`.
This can confuse subtyping, which does not expect other types to appear
to be wider than Any.

(cherry picked from commit c0d9367)

In some instances, the preferred compilation signature will require
sparams to be provided at runtime. When we build the cache around these,
we need to make sure the method instance we are calling has those values
computed for the current signature, and not use the widened signature.
But we can still compile for the widened signature, we just need to make
sure we create a cache entry for every narrower call signature.

Fix #47476

(cherry picked from commit 16d3b92)

Follow-up issue found while working on #47476

(cherry picked from commit 71ab5fa)

…rarg methods

And fix a related accuracy issue in jl_isa_compileable_sig

Follow-up issue found while working on #47476

(cherry picked from commit 9e5e28f)

…Ipython mode (#47878)

(cherry picked from commit 7b10d5f)

(cherry picked from commit e84634e)

When doing intersection, we might end up with a value in `env` (as the
only possible *value* for that parameter) without properly considering
that the parameter might be a TypeVar.

(cherry picked from commit 26a7dbb)

fixes #46635

co-authored-by: Jameson Nash <vtjnash@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit b6f32bc)

(cherry picked from commit 427432e)

This reverts commit 1a7a131.

…all (#47059)"

This reverts commit 95cfd62.

(cherry picked from commit 9be3c85)

We cache only those external CodeInstances that link back to the
package being precompiled. Formerly we required a backedge;
this PRs adds any whose `specTypes` could only link back to the
package. This scoops up a few runtime-dispatched CodeInstances
and their callees.

(cherry picked from commit 1f0700a)

…s... (#47788)

...as they were in 1.8 and rename the new PartialQuickSort to QuickerSort
Also improve the documentation and API for constructing QuickerSort and test
the API

Co-authored-by: Lilith Hafner <Lilith.Hafner@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 8cdb17b)

Co-authored-by: Simon Byrne <simonbyrne@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit d7363d8)

(cherry picked from commit 09a6ff8)

This implements caching native code in "package images" (pkgimages).
We now write two serialization files, one ending in `*.ji` and the other with
the platform dynamic library extension (e.g., `*.so`). The `*.ji` contains
"extended" header information (include the source-code dump for Revise),
whereas the dynamic library includes the Julia objects, including LLVM-generated
native code.

Native code is compiled once during precompilation and then a second time
to build a "clean" module. When we find an edge to an external function (already
cached in anloaded pkgimage), we emit a global variable which we will patch during
loading with the address of the function to call. This allows us to leverage the
standard multiversioning capabilities.

Co-authored-by: Tim Holy <tim.holy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kristoffer Carlsson <kristoffer.carlsson@chalmers.se>
Co-authored-by: Mosè Giordano <giordano@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Max Horn <max@quendi.de>
Co-authored-by: Michael Schlottke-Lakemper <michael@sloede.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Ames <alexander.m.ames@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit a2db90f)

…tch bug (#47946)

* Apply InitialOptimizations by default in several cases when it was previously present

* fixup for MissingOptimization

* fix stability in the sortperm union with missing case

(cherry picked from commit 12e679c)

Commit c8b72e2 completely removed libgcc_s symlinking (I assume unintentionally) in !macOS.

(cherry picked from commit ea13810)